Abstract：L/C-based fixed admittance switch model is widely used in the system-level real-time simulation of power electronic systems. However, this model has the problem of “virtual power loss”, which seriously affects the simulation accuracy. The higher the switching frequency, the more distorted the simulation results are. In this paper, the discrete state space model of the power converter is firstly built. Based on this model, the small-step synthesis model is built, which can retain the constant admittance characteristics of the L/C model and effectively eliminate the transient process after the switching action. Further, this paper analyzes the influence of L/C model branches on operating modes of the converter, and eliminates the eigenvalues introduced by the L/C model. Thus, the L/C model can simulate the ideal switch more accurately, while retaining the normal operating mode of the system. Small-step synthesis models of half-bridge, dual active bridge and two-level converter are built and simulated. The simulation results show that the small-step synthesis model can be applied to a variety of topologies without complicated parameter settings while ensuring real-time performance, which effectively solves the virtual power loss problem.
李子润, 徐晋, 汪可友, 吴盼, 李国杰. 电力电子换流器离散小步合成实时仿真模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(20): 5267-5277.
Li Zirun, Xu Jin, Wang Keyou, Wu Pan, Li Guojie. A Discrete Small-Step Synthesis Real-Time Simulation Model for Power Converters. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(20): 5267-5277.
[1] 熊家祚, 张能, 翟党国, 等. 大规模电力电子设备接入的电力系统混合仿真接口技术综述[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2018, 46(10): 152-161. Xiong Jiazuo, Zhang Neng, Zhai Dangguo, et al.Review of hybrid simulation interface technology for power system of large-scale power electronic equipment access[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(10): 152-161. [2] Li Zirun, Xu Jin, Wang Keyou, et al.FPGA-based real-time simulation for EV station with multiple high-frequency chargers based on C-EMTP algo-rithm[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2020, 5(1): 1-11. [3] 徐晋, 汪可友, 李国杰. 电力电子设备及含电力电子设备电力系统实时仿真研究综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(10): 8-22. Xu Jin, Wang Keyou, Li Guojie.Review of real-time simulation of power electronic devices and power system integrated with power electronic devices[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems. 2022, 46(10): 8-22. [4] 黄华震, 仝涵, 王宁燕, 等. 考虑寄生振荡的IGBT分段暂态模型对电磁干扰预测的影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(12): 2434-2445. Huang Huazhen, Tong Han, Wang Ningyan, et al.Analysis of the influence of IGBT segmented transient model with parasitic oscillation on electro-magnetic interference prediction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(12): 2434-2445. [5] Liu Hong, Deng Zhanfeng, Li Xialin, et al.The averaged-value model of a flexible power electronics based substation in hybrid AC/DC distribution systems[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2020, 8(2): 452-464. [6] 解润生, 张国荣, 高凯, 等. 适用于频变输电线的动态相量谐波分析建模与仿真[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(15): 3200-3210. Xie Runsheng, Zhang Guorong, Gao Kai, et al.Modeling and simulation of dynamic phasor harmonic analysis for frequency-dependent transmission line[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(15): 3200-3210. [7] 许建中, 高晨祥, 丁江萍, 等. 高频隔离型电力电子变压器电磁暂态加速仿真方法与展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(10): 3466-3479. Xu Jianzhong, Gao Chenxiang, Ding Jiangping, et al.Electromagnetic transient acceleration simulation methods and prospects of high-frequency isolated power electronic transformer[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(10): 3466-3479. [8] 王洁聪, 刘崇茹, 徐东旭, 等. 基于实时数字仿真器的模块化多电平换流器内部故障混合仿真模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(18): 3831-3842. Wang Jiecong, Liu Chongru, Xu Dongxu, et al.Hybrid simulation model of modular multilevel converter internal fault based on real-time digital simulator[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(18): 3831-3842. [9] Maguire T, Elimban S, Tara E, et al.Predicting switch ON/OFF statuses in real time electromagnetic tran-sients simulations with voltage source converters[C]//2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China, 2018: 1-7. [10] Qi Li, Woodruff S, Steurer M.Study of power loss of small time-step VSC model in RTDS[C]//2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Tampa, FL, 2007: 1-7. [11] 孙鹏琨, 葛琼璇, 王晓新, 等. 基于硬件在环实时仿真平台的高速磁悬浮列车牵引控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(16): 3426-3435. Sun Pengkun, Ge Qiongxuan, Wang Xiaoxin, et al.Traction control strategy of high-speed maglev train based on hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(16): 3426-3435. [12] Mu Qing, Liang Jun, Zhou Xiaoxin, et al.Improved ADC model of voltage-source converters in DC grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(11): 5738-5748. [13] 吴盼, 汪可友, 徐晋, 等. 基于CPU-FPGA异构平台的虚拟同步并网逆变器实时仿真算法设计[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(14): 85-94. Wu Pan, Wang Keyou, Xu Jin, et al.Real-time simulation algorithm design of a virtual synchronous grid-connected inverter system based on a CPU-FPGA heterogeneous platform[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(14): 85-94. [14] Huang Zhen, Dinavahi V.A fast and stable method for modeling generalized nonlinearities in power elec-tronic circuit simulation and its real-time imple-mentation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics, 2019, 34(4): 3124-3138. [15] 李鹏, 王智颖, 王成山, 等. 基于多FPGA的有源配电网实时仿真器并行架构设计[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(8): 174-187. Li Peng, Wang Zhiying, Wang Chengshan, et al.Design of parallel architecture for multi-FPGA based real-time simulator of active distribution network[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(8): 174-187. [16] 穆清, 周孝信, 王祥旭, 等. 面向实时仿真的小步长开关误差分析和参数设置[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(31): 120-129, 15. Mu Qing, Zhou Xiaoxin, Wang Xiangxu, et al.Error analysis and parameters of switches in small step simulation for real-time simulation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(31): 120-129, 15. [17] 徐晋, 汪可友, 李国杰, 等. 基于参数化历史电流源的广义小步长开关模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(6): 1647-1654, 1901. Xu Jin, Wang Keyou, Li Guojie, et al.A general small time-step model based on the parameterized history current sources[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(6): 1647-1654, 1901. [18] Wang Keyou, Xu Jin, Li Guojie, et al.A generalized associated discrete circuit model of power converters in real-time simulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(3): 2220-2233. [19] 曹阳, 顾伟, 柳伟, 等. 基于交叉初始化的换流器参数化恒导纳模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(10): 3518-3527. Cao Yang, Gu Wei, Liu Wei, et al.A parameterized fixed-admittance model of converters based on cross initialization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(10): 3518-3527. [20] 檀添, 赵争鸣, 李帛洋, 等. 基于离散状态事件驱动的电力电子瞬态过程仿真方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(13): 41-50. Tan Tian, Zhao Zhengming, Li Boyang, et al.Discrete state event driven based methods for transient simulation of power electronic converters[J]. Transa-ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(13): 41-50. [21] 费景高. 运载火箭姿态运动实时仿真建模的小步合成方法[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术, 1996(3): 26-33. Fei Jinggao.The small step synthesis method for modelling for real-time digital simulation of the attitude motion of a launch vehicle[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 1996(3): 26-33. [22] 费景高. 计算机仿真建模方法(三)[J]. 计算机仿真, 1996, 13(2): 53-58. Fei Jinggao.Lectures in modelling methods for computer simulation(3)[J]. Computer Simulation, 1996, 13(2): 53-58. [23] Tong Anping, Hang Lijun, Chung H S H, et al. Using sampled-data modeling method to derive equivalent circuit and linearized control method for dual-active-bridge converter[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(2): 1361-1374. [24] 韩应生, 孙海顺, 穆清, 等. 一种基于元件离散模型的系统状态空间构成新方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(20): 6569-6577. Han Yingsheng, Sun Haishun, Mu Qing, et al.A novel approach to construct the power system state space based on the discrete-time state space model of the component[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(20): 6569-6577.
2022, Vol. 37 
