基于计算前沿面的实时仿真数值积分并行构造及其数值模型解耦加速方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220982

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摘要数值仿真是先进智能计算的基础与底层核心技术,而计算速度是数值仿真的核心性能指标。然而,随着高开关频率功率器件在电机驱动等系统中的应用,短时间约束给实时及在线数值仿真的计算速度带来了严峻挑战。当前数字平台的计算结构朝着并行化的趋势发展,并行计算被视为短时间约束下优化计算速度的有效途径,但现有的数值模型和数值算法大多基于顺序计算的串行模式,缺乏可并行执行的冗余并行度。因此,该文研究了数值算法的求解核心数值积分的并行优化方法,提出了计算前沿面的优化思路,为数值积分算法构造冗余并行度以实现并行计算,分析了其在数值精度与数值稳定性方面的影响,并讨论了在多步与高阶数值积分法上的可拓展性。同时,利用计算前沿面构造的冗余并行度,设计了数值模型的并行解耦分割,并应用于电驱系统实现了元件级的数值加速。最后,在硬件在环的实时数值环境中验证了优化方法的可行性、数值性能以及加速效果。

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关键词 ：并行计算, 电驱系统, 计算前沿面, 实时仿真, 数值加速, 数值积分

Abstract：The computation speed is the key performance of numerical simulation, which is the foundation and underlying core technology of intelligent computing. However, with the application of high switching- frequency power devices in electric drive systems, the constraint of short computation time has led to great challenges for computation speed in real-time or online numerical simulation. At the same time, with the trend of parallel architecture in digital platforms, parallel computing is considered an effective way to optimize the computation speed with short time constraints. However, the state-of-the-art numerical models and algorithms are based on serial computation, lacking of redundant parallelism. Therefore, the computation front design methodology is proposed to construct the redundant parallelism for numerical integration, so the numerical model can be decoupled and parallel computed based on the redundant parallelism to accelerate the numerical simulation.
Firstly, the relationship between numerical integration and algorithm structure in power electronic simulation is discussed, which is the key to the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (ODE). The computation front involved in numerical integration optimization is proposed, and the redundant parallelism construction process of the optimization method is described based on the predictor-corrector method. Secondly, the influence of the proposed method on the numerical performance is evaluated from numerical precision and numerical stability. The parallel computing resources are utilized in the proposed method to improve the numerical precision without increasing the computation time. Although the numerical stability domain changes during the optimization process, the influence on numerical simulation is limited, especially in applications with small step sizes. Thirdly, the possibility of general application is discussed from the multistep-step integration method and high-order integration method, proving that the computation front can be extended to different integration methods. Finally, the parallel numerical model is designed and applied to the electrical drive system based on the redundant parallelism constructed by the proposed method. As a result, the model-level numerical acceleration is achieved.
The real-time simulation environment of hardware in the loop (HIL) is demonstrated to verify the proposed method. The real-time simulation with a serial computing model is compared with offline simulation in Simulink, so the effectiveness of self-defined HIL based on NI PXI is verified. Then, the real-time simulation with a parallel computing model is compared between the latency insertion method and the proposed method. The results show that the relative error with the proposed method is reduced to less than 3 %, and the numerical precision of parallel simulation is improved. Moreover, the speedup ratio and parallel efficiency are 1.72 and 57.2 %, respectively, which expands the step size selection range of real-time simulation.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the real-time simulation analysis: (1) The redundant parallelism of numerical integration can be constructed based on the computation front to realize parallel computation. (2) The local step size of numerical integration is potentially changed during optimization, which may affect the numerical performance. Thus, the proposed method with accuracy compensation is designed based on the predictor-corrector method, which can reduce the simulation error. (3) The parallel acceleration can be achieved without accuracy reduction, but the parallel efficiency is limited due to an unbalanced computation load, which could be discussed in future research.

Key words： Parallel computation electrical drive system computation front real-time simulation numerical acceleration numerical integration

收稿日期: 2022-05-31

PACS:	TM46
	TP337

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177062）

通讯作者: 杨欢, 男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为分布式发电与微电网、智能配用电、高效能电机系统等。E-mail: yanghuan@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 何绍民, 男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为高效能电机系统数字化设计与验证、电力电子实时仿真技术。E-mail: shirmin001@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

何绍民, 张喆, 卢倚平, 杨欢, 沈捷. 基于计算前沿面的实时仿真数值积分并行构造及其数值模型解耦加速方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(16): 4246-4262. He Shaomin, Zhang Zhe, Lu Yiping, Yang Huan, Shen Jie. Numerical Model Decoupling Acceleration Method with Numerical Integration Parallelism Construction Based on Computation Front in Real-Time Simulation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(16): 4246-4262.

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