Insulation Properties of Self-Healing Silicone Based on Dynamic Hindered Thiourea Bond
Ding Yiming1, Jiao Yuyang1, Zhai Hanjun2, Lü Zepeng2, Ma Xianwei1,3
1. State Grid Beijing Power Supply Company Beijing 100032 China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China; 3. Beijing Zhuoyue Power Construction Co. Ltd Beijing 100027 China
Abstract:Silicone rubber is a kind of insulating material widely used in power system. However, due to its poor mechanical strength, it is easy to be damaged during use, which affects its service life. Self-healing materials can repair their own minor damages under certain conditions, and then restore certain original properties. Silicone containing dynamic hindered thiourea bonds is a new type of intelligent insulation material, which can be used in power equipment and electronic devices. At present, the research on self-healing materials mainly focuses on the repair efficiency of mechanical properties, and pays less attention to their insulation properties. In order to study the feasibility of self-healing materials in electrical field, dynamic thiourea bond was synthesized by p-phenyldiisothiocyanate and aminopropyl double-ended polydimethicone. Anhydrous piperazine provided steric hindrance structure, and tri(2-aminoethyl)amine was used to adjust the molecular chain structure. A kind of material with healing property and insulating property was developed. In this study, the crosslinking degree is variable and the cross-linking degree of PDMS-1, PDMS-2 and PDMS-3 increased. Firstly, the structure of the sample was tested, and the successful synthesis of thiourea bond was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cross-linked structure was verified by swelling experiment, and the glass transition temperature was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the glass transition temperature of the sample increased with the increase of the cross-linking degree. The mechanical tests show that the elongation at break of the sample is close to 55%~59%, and the elastic modulus decreases from 23.535 MPa to 5.707 MPa with the increase of crosslinking degree, and the tensile strength increases first and then decreases. Due to the introduction of dynamic bond, the relative permittivity of the sample increases compared with that of ordinary silicone rubber, ranging from 2.1~4.8. It is found that the activation energy of thiourea bond is lower than that of urea bond through relaxation peak. The results of space charge show that with the increase of cross-linking degree, the homo-charge injection increases. The insulation test results show that the DC resistivity and breakdown field strength increase with the increase of crosslinking degree. The self-healing properties of the material were verified by scratch repair experiments. Scratches were made on the surface of self-healing PDMS and ordinary commercial PDMS samples with a clean utility knife, and the wounds were fixed with a long tail clip after the wound was split. The morphology of the samples before and after the repair was observed with a microscope. After two days of treatment at 90℃, the incision of ordinary silicone rubber had a weak trend of repair, and PDMS-1 after 24 h of heat treatment, the incision became significantly smaller. The healing efficiency of the sample was evaluated by tensile strength and insulation properties. The repair efficiency of PDMS-1 with linear structure and PDMS-2 with low crosslinking degree can reach more than 60% based on mechanical properties, while the repair efficiency of PDMS-3 is low due to the high cross-linking degree, which limits the movement of chain segments. The breakdown strength of PDMS-1 and the repair efficiency of PDMS-2 can reach 84.3% and 79.1% respectively. Through the above experiments, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The self-healing PDMS containing the dynamic hindered thiourea bond has good repair performance, and the repair efficiency based on the breakdown strength can recover up to 84.3%. Although the resistivity decreases before and after repair, it still has good insulation effect; The repair efficiency of PDMS-1 with linear structure and PDMS-2 with low crosslinking degree can reach more than 60%. (2) The cross-linked structure can improve the insulation performance by affecting the movement of carriers, including resistivity and breakdown strength, etc., while also weakening the repair efficiency of the material by hindering the movement of the molecular chain.
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