高频电应力下聚酰亚胺沿面放电演化特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221295

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摘要

聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜被广泛应用在固态变压器（SST）的绝缘设计中,而沿面放电是导致SST绝缘失效的重要原因之一。该文使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件为针电极实验装置建立了二维自洽等离子体仿真模型,通过耦合等离子体化学反应、粒子输运方程和泊松方程来分析高频电应力下的沿面放电发展过程;并建立了一个简化模型,用于验证等离子体模型中的空间电荷密度。实验结果表明,沿面放电会使电介质表面碳化并增加PI表面电导率。当电压频率为50Hz时,表面放电呈树枝状,放电出现在该阶段正半周期的上升和下降沿,最大放电幅度为0.013V,放电次数为2 180。在高频下,随着绝缘老化,放电幅度从0.009V增加到0.015V,最后阶段记录的放电总数为3 610,高频电应力下的沿面放电造成的损伤比工频更为显著。通过仿真模拟,该文获取了空间电荷、电子密度、反应速率和电子温度等微观量。高频电应力下PI薄膜沿面放电轨迹近似线性,在176×10^-6s时电子密度达到1.1×10¹⁹m^-3,随着电场强度的增加,电子密度和电子温度分布呈现上升趋势;正负离子密度分布范围与电子密度分布有很大的相似性。对电子密度和反应速率的分析表明,背景气体中的化学反应分析是正确的。

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	Bilal Iqbal Ayubi
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	邹亮

关键词 ：聚酰亚胺, 沿面放电, 空间电荷, 电子密度, 电子温度, 反应速率

Abstract：

In the insulation design of solid-state transformers (SSTs), polyimide (PI) film has been widely used. The most significant reason for the insulation failure of SSTs is surface discharge. This paper proposes a two-dimensional fluid-kinetic plasma simulation model for a needle plate electrode experimental setup using COMSOL Multiphysics software to address this issue. We analyzed the surface discharge development process under high-frequency electric stress by coupling plasma chemical reaction, particle transport equation, and Poisson equation. We developed a simplified model that validates the space charge density from the fluid-kinetic plasma model.
Firstly, at room temperature, applied a frequency of 30kHz and 10kV with a 200V/s short-term rapid boosting method. Record the discharge starting voltage and the flashover voltage along the surface of PI. The discharge signal was measured using the ETS-93686 high-frequency pulsed current sensor. The applied voltage and discharge signal data were collected using a Yokogawa DL6154 four-channel oscilloscope. The real-time collected data is sent to the computer for storage through the USB serial bus and LabVIEW's data acquisition storage system. The development of surface discharge is continuously photographed and recorded using a high-speed camera above the needle electrode.
The experimental results show that the surface discharge carbonizes the dielectric surface and increases the PI surface conductivity. When the voltage frequency is 50Hz, the surface discharge is dendritic, and the discharges appear on both rising and falling edges during a positive half-cycle at this stage, the maximum discharge amplitude is 0.013V, and the number of discharges is 2 180. At high-frequency with the insulation's ageing, there is an increase in the discharge amplitude from 0.009V to 0.015V, and the total number of discharges is 3 610 recorded in the final stage.
To reveal temporal-spatial parameters a fluid-kinetic plasma simulation model was used. This study constructed a fluid-kinetic numerical simulation model by coupling the fluid model with the kinetic model. In addition, the model solves the complex chemical reactions logically to tackle the numerical oscillation problem. The simplified model is predicated on the maintained current carried by charged carriers. Microscopic quantities such as space charge, electron density, reaction rates, and electron temperature are obtained by simulation. The PI surface discharge trajectory at high frequency is linear, and the electron density reaches up to 1.1×10¹⁹m^-3 at 176×10^-6s.
The following conclusions can be drawn：(1)The development process of surface discharge can be divided into four stages. At each stage, the electron density exhibits a linearized characteristic. In this study, through phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis, it was found that the number of discharges and the discharge amplitude were larger in the positive half cycle. (2) The electron density and temperature increase with the applied voltage amplitude and frequency increase, and the distribution of positive and negative ion density and electron density is similar. (3) The space charge density distribution of surface discharge can be obtained using the simplified model, and the results are consistent with the self-consistent plasma model. (4) With the development of the surface discharge process, the electric field's influence gradually increases the reaction rate. In the final stage of the discharge, the total reaction rate can reach 1 200mol/(m³·s), and its distribution trend is similar to the electron distribution which indicates the correct chemical reaction in the background gas.

Key words： Polyimide surface discharge space charge electron density electron temperature the reaction rate

收稿日期: 2022-06-30

PACS:

TM855

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52077127, 51929701）

通讯作者: 张黎男,1979年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术、电力系统电磁兼容。E-mail：zhleee@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: Bilal Iqbal Ayubi 男,1992年生,博士研究生,研究方向为高频高压绝缘放电。E-mail：bilal.ayubi786@mail.sdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

Bilal Iqbal Ayubi, 张黎, 徐黄宽, 范晨露, 邹亮. 高频电应力下聚酰亚胺沿面放电演化特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(5): 1177-1189. Bilal Iqbal Ayubi, Zhang Li, Xu Huangkuan, Fan Chenlu, Zou Liang. Evolution Characteristics of Surface Discharge along Polyimide under High-Frequency Electric Stress. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(5): 1177-1189.

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