20 kV配电网互感器熔断机制分析及抑制措施

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231888

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摘要为应对城市电力负荷总量及密度的快速增长,20 kV配电网已在苏州、深圳等地投入使用,成为我国大城市中压配电网的发展趋势。20 kV配电网中电缆对地电容显著大于10 kV配电网,导致电磁式电压互感器（VT）熔断器熔断事故频发,且与传统10 kV配电网故障暂态有显著差异;然而,现有研究尚未揭示此类事故的产生机制,难以提出针对性的抑制措施。针对该问题,该文以某20 kV配电网为研究对象,提取故障能量交互回路,建立电缆电容对VT放电过程的非线性微分方程并求取其解析解,分析系统对地电容增加过程中VT电流特征从“量变”到“质变”的规律,揭示系统故障全过程电磁能量交互机制,进而通过机制分析提出针对性抑制措施,并用仿真验证解析的准确性和抑制措施的有效性。结果表明：解析得到的VT电流峰值误差仅为0.011 6%,提出的抑制措施能够快速耗散电容能量,显著减小VT故障电流幅值,解决其熔断器熔断难题,支撑20 kV配电网安全稳定运行。

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关键词 ： 20 kV配电网, 熔断器熔断, 非线性, 解析计算, 电磁暂态仿真

Abstract：To cope with the rapid growth of urban power load and density, 20 kV distribution networks have been put into use in Suzhou, Shenzhen and other places, becoming the development trend of medium voltage distribution networks in major cities in China. The frequent occurrence of voltage transformer (VT) fuse blowing accidents in 20 kV distribution networks affects the safe and stable operation of the system. Due to power supply requirements, the length of cables in 20 kV distribution networks is extremely long, and the capacitance to ground is large. The ratio of capacitive impedance to inductive impedance in the system is much smaller than the range specified in the Peterson resonance criterion, resulting in a fundamental change in the electromagnetic energy interaction mechanism of the system. Ferroresonance will no longer occur, which is significantly different from the fault transient in traditional 10 kV distribution networks. However, existing research has overlooked the nonlinear excitation characteristics of VT, and has not yet conducted in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic energy interaction mechanism and influencing factors in this process, making it difficult to support research on suppression measures and leading to difficulties in preventing VT fuse blowing accidents.
Therefore, this article aims to reveal the mechanism of fuse blowing accidents on VT primary side in large-scale distribution networks and propose targeted suppression measure. Based on a actual 20 kV distribution network, the fault energy interaction circuit is extracted, and the process of cable to ground capacitance discharge after a short circuit is analyzed. Establish a nonlinear differential equation for the process of cable capacitance discharging to VT, characterize the nonlinear excitation characteristics of VT based on the principle of piecewise linearization, obtain segmented time-domain analytical solutions of VT primary side current for the equation under different states, and compare the error between analytical calculations and simulation results to achieve accurate analysis of the process. Based on the analytical formula of VT primary side current, calculate its angular frequency and time constant, and then analyze the law of VT current characteristics changing from "quantitative" to "qualitative" during the process of increasing the ground capacitance in system, revealing the mechanism of electromagnetic energy interaction throughout the entire process of system fault. Construct a 20 kV system electromagnetic transient simulation model, reproduce the fault waveform of the fuse accident, analyze the waveform characteristics through analytical calculations, reveal the influence of system operation mode on current, and study the risk of VT fuse blowing. Based on mechanism analysis, targeted suppression measures are proposed to suppress the amplitude of VT primary side overcurrent through discharge circuit topology reconstruction. Build a high-voltage test platform in the laboratory, conduct suppression measures verification experiment, further prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the suppression measure proposed in this paper.
Research has shown that the analytical calculation results in this article are accurate and can analyze the VT high-voltage side fuse mechanism in large-scale distribution networks. The proposed suppression measures have significant effects and high feasibility, and the research results can support the safe and stable operation of 20 kV distribution networks.

Key words： 20 kV distribution network fuse blown nonlinear analytic calculation electromagnetic transients program (EMTP)

收稿日期: 2023-11-13

PACS:

TM451+.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目资助（51837002）

通讯作者: 司马文霞女,1965年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,教育部“长江学者”特聘教授,研究方向为电力系统的防雷与过电压防护、特殊环境中外绝缘放电特性及机理。E-mail：cqsmwx@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨鸣男,1987年生,博士,教授,研究方向为高电压输变电技术及电力系统过电压。E-mail：cqucee@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

杨鸣, 史一丰, 司马文霞, 刘尧, 夏子鹏. 20 kV配电网互感器熔断机制分析及抑制措施[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(23): 7577-7591. Yang Ming, Shi Yifeng, Sima Wenxia, Liu Yao, Xia Zipeng. Analysis and Suppression of Voltage Transformer Fusing Mechanism in 20 kV Distribution Network. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(23): 7577-7591.

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