基于弧触头接触振动特征分析的高压SF<sub>6</sub>断路器电寿命在线监测方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230877

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摘要高压SF₆断路器电寿命评估对保障电力系统安全稳定运行具有重要意义。然而,现有的电寿命评估仍旧依赖累计开断电流法与动态回路电阻法,缺乏有效的在线监测手段。该文针对真实126 kV高压SF₆断路器设备,研究了基于弧触头接触点分析的电寿命评估方法。结合变分模态分解（VMD）与短时傅里叶变换（STFT）分析,发现弧触头接触时产生了10 kHz以上的高频振动特征信号。通过调整机构拉杆的位置以改变弧触头刚合点,发现了高频振动特征频率出现时刻与弧触头刚合点之间的相关性,进而提出了一种基于弧触头接触振动特征分析的高压SF₆断路器电寿命在线监测方法。现场瓷柱式断路器的实验结果表明,弧触头刚合点测量误差约为0.905 mm,因此该文提出的方法有望在高压SF₆断路器电寿命在线监测领域实现推广应用。

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关键词 ：高压断路器, 弧触头烧蚀, 振动特征频率, 变分模态分解（VMD）, 短时傅里叶变换（STFT）

Abstract：Evaluating the electrical life of a high-voltage circuit breaker is important to ensure the safe and stable operation of power systems. However, the current life assessment mainly depends on the cumulative open-off current method and the dynamic resistance measurement method. The former is based on prediction and inference, which is inaccurate, while the latter cannot be used online. Therefore, based on a real 126 kV GIS device, this paper studies the method of electric life evaluation based on arc contact point analysis.
After controlling the closing action of the circuit breaker, the control coil current, vibration, travel, and dynamic resistance signals are collected, and the signals are aligned. By marking the contact position between the arc contact and the main contact of the circuit breaker based on the characteristic points reflected on different signals, it is discovered that a high-frequency vibration signal is generated after the arc contact. According to variational mode decomposition (VMD) and short time Fourier transform (STFT), its frequency distribution is in the high-frequency range above 10 kHz and has strong independence. The dynamic resistance measurement on the contact shows that high-frequency vibration occurs after the arc contact, before the main contact, and moves with the arc contact. Therefore, high-frequency vibration characteristics are used to predict the contact position of the arc contact.
The mechanism of this high-frequency vibration generation is studied. 3D modeling of the dynamic and static contacts is constructed, and COMSOL software is used for dynamic simulation. The measured travel curve is imported into the COMSOL simulation model to simulate the real motion state of the contact before and after contact. After the moving contact touches the static contact, the metal flap of the contact generates high-frequency signals with similar frequencies under friction and opening and closing knocking.
By adjusting the position of the mechanism pull rod to change the contact rigid contact point, high- frequency characteristic vibration frequency is related to the contact rigid contact point. Furthermore, based on characteristic vibration frequency analysis, an online monitoring method is proposed for arc contact points. The inherent deviation between the position of the vibration characteristic frequency and the rigid junction point is measured through a calibration process. In the online situation, by detecting the position of vibration feature points and compensating for inherent offset, the position of the rigid joint can be derived. The results of the on-site porcelain column circuit breaker indicate that the maximum error of this method is about 0.905 mm, which is expected to achieve large-scale promotion and application in the online monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

Key words： High-voltage circuit breaker arc contact ablation vibration characteristic frequency variational mode decomposition (VMD) short-time Fourier transform (STFT)

收稿日期: 2023-06-09

PACS:

TM835

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（U2166214）和陕西省重点研发项目（2022GXLH- 01-11）资助

通讯作者: 杨爱军男,1986年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为微纳传感器、能量收集、人工智能技术。E-mail: yangaijun@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李辰辉男,2000年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电力装备智能感知与运行维护。E-mail: lch2812022656@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

李辰辉, 褚继峰, 龙潇, 杨爱军, 袁欢, 荣命哲, 王小华. 基于弧触头接触振动特征分析的高压SF₆断路器电寿命在线监测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(15): 4883-4895. Li Chenhui, Chu Jifeng, Long Xiao, Yang Aijun, Yuan Huan, Rong Mingzhe, Wang Xiaohua. Online Monitoring Method of Electrical Life of High Voltage SF₆ Circuit Breaker Based on Analysis of Arcing Contact Vibration Characteristics. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(15): 4883-4895.

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