The Faulty Line Selection Method Using Line Mode Traveling Wave Based on High-Frequency Filtering Characteristics of the Substation Line Boundary in the Distribution Network
Wu Yuqi, Li Zhengtian, Lin Xiangning, Huang Zixin, Li Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
Abstract:Currently, the distribution network system usually adopts a neutral non-effective grounding method. How to accurately select the faulty line has been a problem for a very long time. In recent years, with the widespread application of line selection devices based on the transient-based method, the success rate of fault line selection has improved significantly. However, when high resistance faults and small phase angle grounding faults occur, the weak fault characteristics still easily cause the failure of various existing line selection methods. It should be noted that the above existing transient-based line selection methods are all based on the zero mode traveling waves. The main reason for such consideration is that when the substation busbar is equipped with parallel shunt capacitors, the line mode traveling waves on the normal line is very weak due to the high-frequency filtering effect of the shunt capacitors while zero mode traveling waves are almost unaffected because they cannot loop in an ungrounded capacitor bank. Although the line selection methods based on zero mode traveling waves have achieved good results in practical applications, the following problems still exist: (1) Because zero mode traveling wave attenuates quickly, it may be very difficult to extract the zero mode traveling waves accurately when high resistance fault and small phase angle grounding fault occur at the end of a long feeder. (2) Currently, only two-phase current transformers are installed in many distribution network system, which makes it difficult to obtain zero mode traveling waves. Therefore, the above drawbacks will become a constraint to improve further the performance of the current line selection methods based on the zero mode traveling waves. Inspired by the high-frequency filtering effect of busbar shunt capacitors on line mode traveling waves, this paper skipped the perspective of faulty line selection method design based on zero mode traveling waves and proposes a new method using line mode traveling waves based on the substation boundary characteristics in the distribution network. Firstly, the researches confirm that the smart substation line boundary composed of the electronic voltage transformers, the metal-oxide arresters, and the remaining apparatus’s stray capacitance has strong high-frequency filtering characteristics, and its refraction attenuation effect is almost independent of the busbar system operation mode, which is of excellent robustness and can lay a foundation for the design of the proposed line selection method. Then, based on the Teager energy operation, a new line selection criterion is constructed based on the difference of the high-frequency instantaneous energy of the line mode traveling waves between the normal line and the faulty line, which has high sensitivity under the conditions of high resistance faults and small phase angle grounding faults. Finally, the proposed method is based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform to verify its effectiveness, sensitivity, and reliability. It can accurately identify the fault line and reliably distinguish the busbar fault. Otherwise, the proposed fault line selection method has fast operation speed, strong anti-noise performance, simple algorithm principle, clear physical meaning, no manual threshold setting, and is unaffected by shunt capacitors. It can realize reliable line selection under arc faults and 3 kΩ high resistance faults in the distribution network. Indeed, the proposed line selection method only applies to the smart substation installed with the electronic voltage transformers. But luckily, the smart substation has become the main construction form of the current substation, which provides a practical basis for the wide application of the proposed new line selection method.
吴宇奇, 李正天, 林湘宁, 黄梓欣, 黎钊. 基于变电站高频滤波边界特性的配电网线模行波选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(7): 2072-2088.
Wu Yuqi, Li Zhengtian, Lin Xiangning, Huang Zixin, Li Zhao. The Faulty Line Selection Method Using Line Mode Traveling Wave Based on High-Frequency Filtering Characteristics of the Substation Line Boundary in the Distribution Network. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(7): 2072-2088.
[1] 秦苏亚, 薛永端, 刘砾钲, 等. 有源配电网小电流接地故障暂态特征及其影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(3): 655-666. Qin Suya, Xue Yongduan, Liu Lizheng, et al.Transient characteristics and influence of small current grounding faults in active distribution network[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(3): 655-666. [2] 王晓卫, 刘伟博, 郭亮, 等. 基于不同时段内积投影的灵活接地系统高阻故障选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(1): 154-167. Wang Xiaowei, Liu Weibo, Guo Liang, et al.High impedance fault line selection method based on inner product projection of different time periods for flexible grounding systems[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(1): 154-167. [3] 刘宝稳, 曾祥君, 马宏忠, 等. 参数不对称配电线路的等效模型与接地故障检测方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(13): 159-167. Liu Baowen, Zeng Xiangjun, Ma Hongzhong, et al.Equivalent model and grounding fault detection method for distribution lines with asymmetry parameters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(13): 159-167. [4] 金涛, 褚福亮. 基于暂态非工频零序电流的含DG新型配电网的接地选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(17): 96-105. Jin Tao, Chu Fuliang.A fault line-selection method in new distribution network with DG based on transient non-power frequency zero sequence current[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(17): 96-105. [5] 林湘宁, 高艳, 刘沛, 等. 基于零序补偿导纳的小电流接地系统单相故障保护新方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(10): 45-49. Lin Xiangning, Gao Yan, Liu Pei, et al.A novel method to identify the single phase-to-earth fault in the neutral un-effectual grounded system using the zero-sequence compensated admittance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(10): 45-49. [6] 叶雨晴, 马啸, 林湘宁, 等. 基于SOP的主动式谐振接地配电网单相接地故障区段定位方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(5): 1453-1465. Ye Yuqing, Ma Xiao, Lin Xiangning, et al.Active fault locating method based on SOP for single phase grounding faults in the resonant grounding distribution network[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(5): 1453-1465. [7] 刘宝稳, 曾祥君, 张慧芬, 等. 注入电流馈线分布特征及其在接地故障检测中的应用[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(7): 2731-2740. Liu Baowen, Zeng Xiangjun, Zhang Huifen, et al.Distribution model of injection current in feeder and its application in single phase to ground fault detection[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(7): 2731-2740. [8] 喻锟, 胥鹏博, 曾祥君, 等. 基于模糊测度融合诊断的配电网接地故障选线[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(3): 623-633. Yu Kun, Xu Pengbo, Zeng Xiangjun, et al.Grounding fault line selection of distribution networks based on fuzzy measures integrated diagnosis[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(3): 623-633. [9] 陈奎, 韦晓广, 陈景波, 等. 基于样本数据处理和ADABOOST的小电流接地故障选线[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(34): 6228-6237. Chen Kui, Wei Xiaoguang, Chen Jingbo, et al.Fault line detection using sampled data processing and ADABOOST for small current grounding system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(34): 6228-6237. [10] 张淑清, 马跃, 李盼, 等. 基于改进的广义谐波小波包分解和混沌振子的小电流接地系统故障选线[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(3): 13-20, 43. Zhang Shuqing, Ma Yue, Li Pan, et al.Application of improved generalized harmonic wavelet packet decomposition and chaos oscillator to fault line detection in small current grounding system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(3): 13-20, 43. [11] 汤涛, 黄纯, 江亚群, 等. 基于馈线零序阻抗特性的谐振接地故障选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(20): 192-201. Tang Tao, Huang Chun, Jiang Yaqun, et al.A method of fault line selection in resonant earthed system based on zero sequence impedance characteristic of lines[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(20): 192-201. [12] 王侃, 施慎行, 杨建明, 等. 基于暂态行波的接地选线装置及其现场试验[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2008, 28(6): 118-121. Wang Kan, Shi Shenxing, Yang Jianming, et al.Transient-traveling-wave-based grounding line selector and its field tests[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2008, 28(6): 118-121. [13] 施慎行, 董新洲. 基于单相电流行波的故障选线原理研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2008, 36(14): 13-16. Shi Shenxing, Dong Xinzhou.Study of fault line selection using single-phase current traveling waves[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2008, 36(14): 13-16. [14] 姜博, 董新洲, 施慎行. 基于单相电流行波的配电线路单相接地故障选线方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(34): 6216-6227. Jiang Bo, Dong Xinzhou, Shi Shenxing.A method of single phase to ground fault feeder selection based on single phase current traveling wave for distribution lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(34): 6216-6227. [15] 王建元, 朱永涛, 秦思远. 基于方向行波能量的小电流接地系统故障选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(19): 4085-4096. Wang Jianyuan, Zhu Yongtao, Qin Siyuan.Fault line selection method for small current grounding system based on directional traveling wave energy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(19): 4085-4096. [16] 邓丰, 梅龙军, 唐欣, 等. 基于时频域行波全景波形的配电网故障选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(13): 2861-2870. Deng Feng, Mei Longjun, Tang Xin, et al.Faulty line selection method of distribution network based on time-frequency traveling wave panoramic waveform[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(13): 2861-2870. [17] 郭谋发, 刘世丹, 杨耿杰. 利用时频谱相似度识别的配电线路接地选线方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(19): 183-190, 4. Guo Moufa, Liu Shidan, Yang Gengjie.A novel approach to detect fault lines in distribution network using similarity recognition based on time-frequency spectrum[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(19): 183-190, 4. [18] 董新洲, 毕见广. 配电线路暂态行波的分析和接地选线研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(4): 1-6. Dong Xinzhou, Bi Jianguang.Analysis on transient traveling wave and study on fault line selection for distribution lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(4): 1-6. [19] 庞红梅, 李淮海, 张志鑫, 等. 110 kV智能变电站技术研究状况[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2010, 38(6): 146-150. Pang Hongmei, Li Huaihai, Zhang Zhixin, et al.Research situation of 110 kV smart substation technology[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2010, 38(6): 146-150. [20] 田志国, 朱明东, 池立江, 等. 阻容分压型电子式电压互感器暂态特性研究[J]. 自动化仪表, 2022, 43(4): 27-32. Tian Zhiguo, Zhu Mingdong, Chi Lijiang, et al.Research on transient characteristics of resistor-capacitor voltage dividing electronic transformers[J]. Process Automation Instrumentation, 2022, 43(4): 27-32. [21] 熊江咏, 杨桂平, 郭毅, 等. ECT与EVT在智能配电设备一二次融合中相融性分析[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2019, 40(1): 108-114. Xiong Jiangyong, Yang Guiping, Guo Yi, et al.Compatibility analysis of ECT and EVT in primary & secondary fusion of intelligent power distribution equipment[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2019, 40(1): 108-114. [22] Ye Ziyang, Liu Kun, Zhang Jiefu, et al.Simulation analysis and measurement verification of CVT dielectric loss for its on-line monitoring[C]//2019 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, Beijing, China, 2020: 2743-2746. [23] 贾立莉, 王平, 律方成. 基于EMTP仿真的智能变电站地电位升安全限值的计算[J]. 电瓷避雷器, 2019(2): 52-58. Jia Lili, Wang Ping, Lü Fangcheng.Calculation of safety limit value of grounding potential rise in intelligent substation based on EMTP simulation[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters, 2019(2): 52-58. [24] 黄建国, 陈亮, 董莉娜, 等. 变电站用10kV避雷器运行状态在线监测装置的研制[J]. 电瓷避雷器, 2012(4): 85-90. Huang Jianguo, Chen Liang, Dong Lina, et al.Development of on-line monitoring device for 10kV MOA used in substation[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters, 2012(4): 85-90. [25] 黄伟明. 某10 kV并联电容器组频繁故障的分析与处理[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2021, 42(4): 115-119. Huang Weiming.Analysis and treatment on frequent fault of 10 kV shunt capacitor bank[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2021, 42(4): 115-119. [26] 祝小彦, 王永杰. 基于MOMEDA与Teager能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(6): 104-110, 123. Zhu Xiaoyan, Wang Yongjie.Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on the MOMEDA and Teager energy operator[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(6): 104-110, 123. [27] 陈洋, 黄纯, 陈为熙, 等. 基于测量波阻抗的母线保护新方法[J]. 电网技术, 2012, 36(5): 198-203. Chen Yang, Huang Chun, Chen Weixi, et al.A new method of bus protection based on measuring wave impedance[J]. Power System Technology, 2012, 36(5): 198-203. [28] 司大军, 束洪春, 陈学允, 等. 输电线路雷击的电磁暂态特征分析及其识别方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(7): 64-69. Si Dajun, Shu Hongchun, Chen Xueyun, et al.Analysis of electromagnetic transient characteristics of lightning stroke on transmission lines and research on its identification method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(7): 64-69. [29] 段建东, 罗四倍, 张保会, 等. 超高速保护中合闸于故障线路的识别方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2007, 27(10): 78-84. Duan Jiandong, Luo Sibei, Zhang Baohui, et al.Study of discriminating approach for switching into fault line in ultra-high-speed protection[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2007, 27(10): 78-84. [30] 王俊波, 李慧, 邱太洪. 基于数据挖掘的CVT电容元件击穿故障分析[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2019, 40(3): 96-100. Wang Junbo, Li Hui, Qiu Taihong.Breakdown fault analysis of CVT capacitor elements based on data mining[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2019, 40(3): 96-100.