电工技术学报  2023, Vol. 38 Issue (23): 6419-6432    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221682
电力系统与综合能源 |
考虑孤岛微电网建立过程功率冲击的弹性配电网主动预防调度
蔡胜1, 谢云云1, 张玉坪1, 郭健1, 陈汹2
1.南京理工大学自动化学院 南京 210094;
2.南瑞集团有限公司（国网电力科学研究院有限公司） 南京 210094
Proactive Scheduling of Resilient Distribution Systems Considering Power Impact During Islanded Microgrid Formation Process
Cai Sheng1, Xie Yunyun1, Zhang Yuping1, Guo Jian1, Chen Xiong2
1. School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China;
2. NARI Group Corporation State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing 210094 China
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摘要 配电网发生紧急故障时,通过构建孤岛微电网对重要负荷进行分区供电,可以缩小停电范围,提升配电网弹性。然而,孤岛微电网建立前线路上流通的功率会对微电网产生阶跃型功率冲击,所造成的频率失稳可能会导致微电网无法安全建立。为此,该文提出一种考虑孤岛微电网建立过程中功率冲击的弹性配电网主动预防调度方法。通过在灾前进行机组组合、网架重构,并限制线路上的流通功率,减少断线故障发生时微电网内的功率冲击,保证灾后孤岛微电网的安全可靠建立。首先,以调度成本和负荷损失量最小为目标,建立考虑功率冲击的配电网灾前-灾后协调调度随机优化模型;然后,对模型进行线性化处理,将其转换为混合整数规划问题进行快速求解;最后,采用IEEE 13节点配电测试系统,对所提预防调度方法的有效性进行验证。
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蔡胜
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陈汹
关键词 ： 弹性配电网,  孤岛微电网,  预防调度,  功率冲击,  频率稳定    
Abstract：When an emergency accident occurs in the distribution system under extreme conditions, multiple islanded microgrids (IMGs) are formed to ensure constant power supply to critical loads, which is essential for reducing outage range and enhancing system resilience. However, traditional IMG formation methods focuses on passive MG formation after an emergency and, hence, cannot guarantee the successful IMG formation in the event of significant power imbalance. Recently, proactive approaches were presented to ensure adequate spinning reserve in supplying load demand after the IMG formation, but most of them ignored the non-zero power flow at the moment line disconnects. This was insufficient to ensure a successful MG formation because the significant power impact may lead to the frequency instability in IMGs. To address these issues, this paper proposed a proactive scheduling method that considers the power impact during the IMG formation process. By mitigating the power impact when line outage happens, IMGs can be formed safely and reliably after extreme event happens.
Firstly, a pre- and post-disaster two-stage coordinated stochastic model that considers the power impact was formulated to minimize the operation costs and load shedding. Next, the nonlinear terms in original model were linearized, and thus the nonlinear stochastic model was transformed to a mixed integer linear programming problem to facilitate solution. The main differences between the proposed proactive scheduling model and those in existing literature lie in the line transmission power constraints, in which decision variables Wpij and Wqij were introduced to restrict the power flow on vulnerable lines prior to the extreme event. In addition, unit commitment and network reconfiguration were also considered in the proposed model to enhance the flexibility of scheduling scheme.
Simulation results on the modified IEEE 13 bus distribution system show that, prior to the event strikes, switches on lines 671-692 and 684-611 are opened and switches on lines 633-692 and 646-611 are closed to optimize the configuration of distribution network. To satisfy the power impact constraint during IMG formation, power flow on lines is restricted and appropriate load shedding (600 kW in this case) is allowed at the pre-disaster stage. When line outage emergencies occur, several IMG are seamless formed to continue supporting critical loads. The total generation of power sources in one MG is equal to the total amount of load consumption for each time step. Comparison of different operation methods shows that, the successful IMG formation rate for operation method with/without considering proactive scheduling is 83.3% and 26.7%, respectively. In other words, the proposed method can improve IMGs’ survivability after disaster but understandably cannot totally avoid the collapse. This is because the stochastic approach cannot be able to cover all the contingency scenarios that may occur. The comparison with proactive scheduling method without network reconfiguration shows that, the optimal network topology can reduce the amount of load shedding by forming more flexible IMGs and improve energy utilization efficiency of power sources. The comparison with traditional preventive defensive islanding method shows that, the proposed method can reduce the amount of load shedding by about 15%. This is because the proposed method reduces power imbalance in MGs through restricting power flow on vulnerable lines rather than totally avoid it. Therefore, less conservative proactive scheduling schemes resulting in less load shedding can be obtained.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) Compared with traditional distribution system scheduling method, proactive scheduling can reduce the power impact when line outage happens, thereby enhancing the resilience of DSs through forming feasible MGs after extreme events. (2) The proposed model optimizes the network topology prior to the event. Therefore, more flexible MG topology can be obtained to satisfy the supply-and-demand balance and more critical loads can be supplied. (3) The proposed method allows power flow on vulnerable lines before the outage. Compared with the preventive defensive islanding method, a secure and less conservative scheduling strategy can be obtained.
Key words： Resilient distribution system    islanded microgrid    proactive scheduling    power impact    frequency stability   
收稿日期: 2022-09-02     
PACS: TM73  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金（52177090）和江苏省卓越博士后计划资助项目
通讯作者: 谢云云 男,1985年生,副教授,研究方向极端条件下电力系统运行与控制、新能源黑启动等。E-mail：xyy_njust@163.com   
作者简介: 蔡胜 男,1994年生,博士,研究方向极端条件下电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：cs@njust.edu.cn
引用本文:   
蔡胜, 谢云云, 张玉坪, 郭健, 陈汹. 考虑孤岛微电网建立过程功率冲击的弹性配电网主动预防调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(23): 6419-6432. Cai Sheng, Xie Yunyun, Zhang Yuping, Guo Jian, Chen Xiong. Proactive Scheduling of Resilient Distribution Systems Considering Power Impact During Islanded Microgrid Formation Process. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(23): 6419-6432.
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