A Novel Simplified Discrete-Time Small-Signal Model Based Controller Design and Fast Stability Analysis of Dual Active Bridge Converter in Energy Storage System
Xiao Zhongxiu1, Lei Wanjun1, Chen Qingxu1, Yin Yilin1, Mu Wei2
1. School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China; 2. Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB58BQ The United Kingdom
Abstract：With the increasing deployment of energy storage systems (ESS), the stability of the coupling between dual active bridge (DAB) converters and ESS has become a critical concern in power electronics and DC microgrid applications. Ensuring stable operation is crucial for maintaining system reliability, particularly under varying operating conditions, such as input voltage disturbances. However, analyzing the accurate discrete-time model of DAB converters presents substantial complexity due to the computational burden of matrix exponentiation and iterative calculations, making the assessment of fast stability and controller design challenging. This paper proposes a simplified discrete-time model by streamlining the discrete-time iterative sequence and matrix exponential computations. This simplification significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining a high level of accuracy, thereby providing an efficient framework for stability analysis and control system design. Taking constant voltage (CV) charging mode as a representative case, the paper systematically analyzes how dynamic variations in the phase shift angle influence system state variables. A simplified discrete-time small-signal model is formulated. The proposed model is then rigorously compared with conventional discrete small-signal modeling methods based on the accurate discrete-time model, demonstrating its effectiveness in fast and efficient tuning of controller parameters. Furthermore, this paper investigates the stability assessment under input voltage fluctuations with different controller parameters. The results are compared with the time-domain stability boundaries obtained through Jacobian matrix analysis. By combining frequency-domain and time-domain analyses, it is demonstrated that the proposed simplified discrete-time iterative model can effectively evaluate stability and assist in controller parameter design for “DAB-battery” coupled systems across different time scales. Finally, experimental validation is conducted. Overall, this work presents an efficient and computationally tractable modeling approach for fast stability prediction, controller design, and energy management in DAB-based energy storage systems. By achieving a balance between modeling accuracy and computational simplicity, the proposed method offers valuable insights and practical solutions for advanced control strategies and stability analysis in modern DC microgrid applications.
肖钟秀, 雷万钧, 陈清旭, 殷一林, 慕伟. 基于简化离散迭代小信号模型双有源桥变换器控制器设计及快速稳定性判断[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(2): 660-674.
Xiao Zhongxiu, Lei Wanjun, Chen Qingxu, Yin Yilin, Mu Wei. A Novel Simplified Discrete-Time Small-Signal Model Based Controller Design and Fast Stability Analysis of Dual Active Bridge Converter in Energy Storage System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(2): 660-674.
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2026, Vol. 41 
