基于输入阻抗调节与变频调制的维也纳整流器输入电流质量宽范围提升控制方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250033

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摘要维也纳整流器常采用空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）策略对输出电压进行稳定控制并对输入电流进行功率因数校正（PFC）。然而,SVPWM控制依赖于坐标变换,实现过程不仅需已知输入滤波电感值及输入电压相位以实现交直轴解耦控制,而且占空比给定需依赖复杂的矢量区域划分,在电感电容等参数时变时控制实现困难。不仅如此,维也纳整流器输入电流在轻载及过零点附近将因断续产生畸变,使轻载下电流质量降低。该文提出一种基于输入阻抗调节与变频调制的维也纳整流器控制方法。该方法无需精确的输入电压相位与输入电感值信息,仅需两个比例-积分（PI）环节即可实现功率因数校正及输出电压均衡控制,避免了SVPWM控制复杂度高的问题;通过动态调节载波频率并引入载波幅值对控制环路进行补偿,实现了从极轻载（5%）到满载(100%)的大范围负载条件下的输入电流质量的提升。在实验室搭建一台3 kW的维也纳整流器样机并进行了实验分析,结果显示,在5%极轻载至100%满载下输入电流总谐波畸变率（THD）小于3%,验证了所提方法的正确性。

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关键词 ：维也纳整流器, 功率因数校正（PFC）, 过零点畸变, 阻抗调节, 变频调制

Abstract：The Vienna rectifier is commonly used in power electronic systems to stabilize output voltage and perform power factor correction on the input current, typically employing space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). However, SVPWM control requires coordinate transformation, depending on the input filter inductance and the input voltage phase angle to decouple the d- and q-axes. Additionally, the duty cycle calculation using the SVPWM method relies on complex vector region division, which complicates control implementation, especially in systems where parameters such as inductance and capacitance vary with time. Furthermore, under light load conditions and near-zero-crossing points, the input current of the Vienna rectifier may become distorted, reducing current quality and impacting overall system performance.
This paper proposes a novel control method for the Vienna rectifier based on input impedance regulation and variable-frequency modulation. The control laws as follows: $ V_{\text {cdiff }}=k_{\mathrm{pc}}\left(V_{\mathrm{p}}-V_{\mathrm{n}}\right), V_{\text {loop }}=\left(k_{\mathrm{p}}+k_{\mathrm{i}} / s\right)\left(V_{\text {ref }}-V_{\text {out }}\right), D_{\text {onx }}=1-\left|\bar{i}_{\text {La }}+V_{\text {cdiff }}\right| / V_{\text {loop }}$. Firstly, the proposed method achieves output voltage control and capacitor midpoint voltage balancing control using two proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The inner loop determines the duty cycle by dividing the input inductor current by the output of the output voltage control loop, ensuring Z_in_x=0.5V_out/V_loop, which results in a purely resistive input impedance and achieves power factor correction (PFC). The control method is entirely computed within the abc stationary reference frame, eliminating the need for precise input voltage phase angles or filter inductance values, and effectively avoiding the high complexity associated with coordinate transformations and vector region division in traditional SVPWM. Secondly, to mitigate current distortion caused by discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), a variable-frequency modulation strategy is implemented, forcing the rectifier to operate in critical conduction mode (CRM) and minimizing the duration of DCM within each power line cycle. Finally, when the rectifier operates near the zero-crossing points, the switching frequency is adaptively increased to its maximum threshold. After that, due to the limitation of the switching frequency, the rectifier enters DCM. To counteract the nonlinear effects caused by the discontinuity of the inductor current near the zero-crossing points, carrier amplitude compensation is introduced into the control method to suppress zero-crossing distortion. These combined methods improve input current quality across an extended load range, from extreme light load (5% rated power) to full load (100%), with enhancement in maintaining sinusoidal current characteristics under low-power and transitional operating conditions. A 3 kW experimental prototype of the three-phase four-wire Vienna rectifier was developed. Experimental results demonstrate that, under the new control strategy, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current remains below 3% across the entire load range, from 5% to 100%, effectively addressing zero-crossing distortion and improving the quality of light-load current.
In conclusion, the proposed method eliminates dependencies on coordinate transformations, filter parameters, and vector partitioning. Additionally, variable-frequency modulation enhances current quality across extreme load variations. These features simplify the control process, improving the stability of Vienna rectifiers in high power factor and wide load operation scenarios.

Key words： Vienna rectifier power factor correction (PFC) zero-crossing distortion impedance regulation frequency modulation

收稿日期: 2025-01-08

PACS:

TM461.5

基金资助:直流输电技术全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SKLHVDC- 2023-KF-04）

通讯作者: 陈家伟男,1986年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为功率电子变换及新能源发电技术。E-mail: echenjw@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 贾广宇男,1998年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源功率变换与控制技术。E-mail: 201913021012@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

贾广宇, 陈家伟, 赵腾, 罗超, 蔡海青. 基于输入阻抗调节与变频调制的维也纳整流器输入电流质量宽范围提升控制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(2): 649-659. Jia Guangyu, Chen Jiawei, Zhao Teng, Luo Chao, Cai Haiqing. A Wide Range Enhancement Control Method of Input Current Quality of Vienna Rectifier Based on Input Impedance Regulation and Frequency Modulation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(2): 649-659.

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