电工技术学报  2024, Vol. 39 Issue (13): 4204-4225    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230684
电能存储与应用 |
电池储能系统均衡方法研究综述
郭向伟1,2, 王晨1, 钱伟1,2, 陈思哲3
1.河南理工大学电气工程与自动化学院 焦作 454003;
2.河南省煤矿装备智能检测与控制重点实验室（河南理工大学） 焦作 454003;
3.广东工业大学自动化学院 广州 510006
A Review of Equalization Methods for Battery Energy Storage System
Guo Xiangwei1,2, Wang Chen1, Qian Wei1,2, Chen Sizhe3
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 China;
2. Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Control of Coal Mine Equipment Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 China;
3. School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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摘要 电池储能系统具有调节速度快、布置灵活、建设周期短等特点,在包含高比例可再生新能源的新型电力系统中发挥重要作用。电池储能系统的显著特点是单体数量众多,各单体间不可避免的一致性差异将对其能量利用率、循环寿命、安全性产生严重影响。该文对电池储能系统均衡方法进行了综述。首先,分析了串并联电池组的特点及均衡的必要性;其次,重点评析了不同类型均衡变量、均衡拓扑、均衡控制方法所具备的特点,通过详细对比研究,表明各自的发展趋势;最后,对电池储能系统主动均衡方法进一步的研究方向进行了展望。该文旨在为未来进一步开展电池储能系统主动均衡方法的研究提供参考。
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郭向伟
王晨
钱伟
陈思哲
关键词 ： 电池储能系统,  均衡变量,  均衡拓扑,  均衡控制,  综述    
Abstract：Battery energy storage system (BESS) is characterized by a large number of cells, and in practice, even if the consistency of the initial performance of cells is guaranteed, the consistency difference will occur due to different use conditions and environments. In order to reduce the difference in consistency between the cells within a BESS, a reliable equalization method must be established to improve its energy utilization and safety.
Through the analysis of the current research status of the review of BESS equalization methods, more scholars have organized the equalization topologies, which are limited to the topologies based on energy storage devices such as inductors and capacitors. There is less organization of topologies based on redundancy ideas, topologies based on battery pack reconfiguration, and modular topologies, which have developed more rapidly in recent years. At the same time, the equalization necessity of series and parallel battery pack, equalization variables and equalization control methods are less organized and reviewed.The article provides a systematic overview of research on equalization methods for BESS, with key contributions described below.
For the study of equalization variables, multivariate equalization can show the consistency difference of cells from different perspectives, and it is expected to become a hot spot of equalization variable research in the future. Especially, temperature, high-precision SOC and voltage are jointly used as equalization variables, which can ensure the energy utilization of the BESS as well as its safety.
For the study of equalization topology, first of all, inductive equalization can realize high-precision equalization, and capacitive equalization can realize fast equalization when the voltage difference of equalization objects is large. Therefore, combined with the characteristics of inductive and capacitive energy storage, the equalization topologies based on inductive-capacitive energy storage with simple structure and perfect function are expected to be the hotspot of equalization topology research in the future. In addition, the modular equalization topology based on inductive-capacitive energy storage is also a hot direction in the research of equalization topology for the large number of cells in the BESS.
For the research of equalization control methods, intelligent equalization is expected to become the hotspot of equalization control research in the future. Intelligent equalization includes intelligent selection of equalization objects and intelligent design of equalization currents. Intelligent selection of equalization objects is reflected in the simultaneous selection of multiple adjacent cells with smaller consistency differences to form a battery group to participate in equalization at the same time, which improves the speed and efficiency of equalization on the basis of the existing hardware. The intelligence of equalization current design is reflected in the fact that the equalization current can be intelligently designed according to the consistency difference and the load current, avoiding under-equalization and over-equalization, and at the same time, improving the speed and efficiency of equalization.
The analysis and review of the equalization methods for BESS in this article provide a systematic overview of the current state of research on equalization methods. Moreover, a reliable outlook on the direction of the development of new equalization methods for battery packs containing a large number of cells is presented. The review is conducive to innovations and breakthroughs in novel active equalization methods for future BESS.
Key words： Battery energy storage    equalization variables    equalization topologies    equalization control    review   
收稿日期: 2023-05-16     
PACS: TM912  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（61973105）、河南省高校基本科研业务费（NSFRF210332, NSFRF230604）、河南省高校重点科研项目（23A470006）和河南省科技攻关项目（232102240078）资助
通讯作者: 郭向伟 男,1987年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力电子及其在电池管理系统中的应用。E-mail：gxw@hpu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 王 晨 男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电池管理系统。E-mail：wang954207@163.com
引用本文:   
郭向伟, 王晨, 钱伟, 陈思哲. 电池储能系统均衡方法研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(13): 4204-4225. Guo Xiangwei, Wang Chen, Qian Wei, Chen Sizhe. A Review of Equalization Methods for Battery Energy Storage System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(13): 4204-4225.
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