Passivity Based Control Method of Energy Storage System with Pulse Constant Power Load
Wang Yong1, Wang Puyu2, Yang Yongliang3, Cao Man1, Liu Zhengchun1
1. Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang 050003 China; 2. School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China; 3. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
Abstract：An energy storage system with pulsed load (PL-ESS) is a typical isolated power system with limited source capacity, small coefficient inertia, and weak stability. In recent years, pulse load devices have been equipped with power controllers to ensure the performance of pulse power emission, which presents a state of pulse ‘constant power’ load. The negative impedance characteristic of constant power loads is known to amplify the bus voltage disturbance and exacerbate instability. Methods have been presented to achieve stability control of power systems with constant power loads. However, most of them focus on suppressing the fluctuation of bus voltage without simultaneously satisfying the fast response of instantaneous load current. This paper proposes a Virtual Energy Storage Injection-Passive Based Control (VESI-PBC) method based on the traditional PBC. By improving the convergence speed of the energy function, the dc-bus voltage can be quickly stabilized to adapt to the switching conditions of pulse loads in medium or high-frequency mode. Firstly, based on the topology structure of ESS with pulse constant power load, an Euler-Lagrange mathematical model is established to judge whether the system is strictly passive. Secondly, a virtual energy storage matrix is constructed, and the virtual inductance Ln is superimposed on the energy-storage inductance L to accelerate the convergence speed of the energy error function He(x) and ensure the system stability. Thirdly, by designing control terms, the VESI-PBC control is obtained. Compared with PI and VDI-PBC control, VESI-PBC control includes terms of () and and introduces , which leads the response to the dynamic changes in bus voltage uC. Finally, a dual closed-loop control strategy based on the VESI-PBC algorithm is proposed for the PL-ESS main circuit structure. Taking system stability as the precondition, the VESI-PBC method is designed to ensure stability. The controller can converge more quickly to the steady state when PL-ESS switches between pulse power loading and unloading modes, responding to the fast performance requirements of medium or high-frequency working conditions in PL-ESS. The stability analysis of the PL-ESS control model based on the root locus method shows that the VESI-PBC algorithm still ensures a certain stability margin of the system with “constant power” characteristics. The introduction of Ln improves the system damping ratio, i.e., enhances the robustness of the bus voltage disturbance resistance. Simulation and actual test results show that the VESI-PBC algorithm effectively reduces the bus voltage fluctuation rate while ensuring the maximum fluctuation rate of dc-bus voltage |δmax|≤5% on the test platform. It can meet the voltage performance requirements of new radar devices and the instantaneous pulse current performance requirements of constant power pulse loads under medium and high-frequency operating conditions (fPL=100 Hz~1 kHz). Compared with PI and VDI-PBC algorithms, the VESI-PBC algorithm can rapidly respond to the load current by advanced response to the dynamic changes of the outer loop voltage and track the inner loop current. The larger the Ln value, the greater the fluctuation rate of bus voltage |δmax|, and the faster the response speed of the controller's output current idc to the pulse current. However, the high-frequency interference current is amplified, causing additional spikes in the waveform. In experiments, small Capacitance-to-Lnductance ratios (weak stability) are selected, and phase-domain and time-domain waveforms of two key parameters, |δmax| and idc, are plotted. Compared with PI and VDI-PBC, the VESI-PBC algorithm can simultaneously meet the voltage and current performance requirements from low-frequency to high-frequency operating conditions, which can be applied to weakly stable PL-ESS systems. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The VESI-PBC algorithm ensures the stability of the PL-ESS with constant power characteristics, aiming to improve the convergence speed of the energy function. (2) VESI-PBC control effect is related to the Ln, and the larger the Ln. However, excessive Ln introduces burrs under high-frequency operating conditions in PL-ESS. An appropriate value needs to be selected. (3) The VESI-PBC algorithm can also be implemented in systems with small capacitance-to-inductance ratios, making it suitable for isolated power systems containing pulse loads with weak stability, wide pulse frequency coverage, and nonlinear dynamic characteristics.
王勇, 王谱宇, 杨永亮, 曹曼, 刘正春. 带脉冲恒功率负载储能系统的无源控制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(6): 1915-1929.
Wang Yong, Wang Puyu, Yang Yongliang, Cao Man, Liu Zhengchun. Passivity Based Control Method of Energy Storage System with Pulse Constant Power Load. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(6): 1915-1929.
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