计及储能协同控制的光伏场站快速备自投方案

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250184

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摘要

传统备用电源自动投入装置(简称“备自投”)以检“母线无压、进线无流”为启动判据,致使现有新能源场站进线备自投大多以解列新能源为其动作的先决条件,降低了新能源利用率和供电可靠性。因此,如何在不解列新能源前提下实现备自投的可靠动作具有重要意义。本文以光伏场站为例,利用站内配备的储能并采用虚拟同步发电机控制(virtual synchronous generator, VSG),在考虑源-荷功率不同匹配程度及各模块动作时序关系的基础上,提出一种计及储能协同控制的快速备自投方案。首先分析了工作电源断开后,在不同源-荷功率匹配程度下的并网点电压/频率的变化机理,指明抑制备自投冲击电流的关键在于快速实现功率平衡控制;其次,设计并提出在孤岛检测期间利用储能VSG控制实现对电压/频率波动的抑制,孤岛检测完成后,进一步通过调整储能VSG功率指令和投耗能电阻/切负荷的协调配合实现精细化功率平衡,最终实现备自投的快速可靠动作。本文基于光伏场站典型拓扑,利用MATLAB/Simulink构建了相应的电磁暂态仿真模型,大量仿真实验验证了所提备自投方案的可行性与有效性。

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关键词 ：光伏场站, 备自投, 储能, 虚拟同步发电机, 协同控制

Abstract：

The traditional automatic bus transfer equipment (referred to as “automatic switching device”) to check the “no voltage on the bus, no current on the incoming line” as the starting criterion, resulting in new energy power station to disconnect new energy as a prerequisite for automatic switching device action, reducing the new energy utilization rate and reliability of power supply. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the reliable action of automatic switching device without disconnecting new energy. To solve the above problems, we utilize the energy storage equipped in the photovoltaic power station and adopt the control of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG). Based on considering the different matching degrees of the source-load power and the action timing relationship of each module, a fast standby automatic switching scheme considering the energy storage collaborative control is proposed.
Firstly, the mechanism of voltage and frequency change at the point of common coupling under different source-load power matching degrees after the working power supply is disconnected is analyzed, revealing that the key to suppressing the automatic switching device impulse current is the rapid realization of power balance control. Secondly, it is designed and proposed that using energy storage VSG control to suppress voltage/frequency fluctuations during islanding detection. After the islanding detection is completed, the refined power balance is further achieved by the coordinated cooperation of adjusting the energy storage VSG power command and inputting crowbar resistor or shedding load, thus the fast and reliable action of automatic switching device is realized within 100 milliseconds. Finally, based on the typical topology of photovoltaic power stations, we use MATLAB/Simulink to construct the corresponding electromagnetic transient simulation model, and a large number of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Simulation results of the proposed standby automatic switching scheme show that it can rapidly achieve refined power balance between the power source and the load during the power balance stage under the working conditions where the power source is greater than the load, the power source is less than the load, and the power source and the load are approximately balanced. Thereby, it enables the rapid and reliable switch-on of the standby power source. When further taking into account the fluctuations of the standby power source within the range permitted by the power grid in actual working conditions, this scheme can also keep the inrush current coefficient within the requirements of the power grid during the switch-on of the standby power source.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis and the simulation verification: (1) To realize the fast automatic standby power switching of new energy stations under the premise of not disconnecting new energy, it is mainly necessary to solve the fast and effective control of source-load unbalanced power and the suppression of closing impulse current. (2) On the basis of considering the different matching degrees of source-load power and the timing relationship of each module, a power balance scheme is proposed that takes into account the energy storage VSG control, the crowbar resistor and load shedding. In the islanding detection stage, the energy storage VSG can compensate for the unbalanced power to a certain extent and suppress the fluctuation of system voltage and frequency. After the islanding detection is completed, the collaborative control of adjusting the energy storage VSG power command and inputting the crowbar resistor/shedding load are to realize the active power balance of solar-storage-load. It ensures the fast and reliable action of automatic switching device.

Key words： Photovoltaic power station automatic switching device energy storage virtual synchronous generator cooperative control

收稿日期: 2025-02-03

PACS:

TM762.1

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目（U2166205）

通讯作者: 马英女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源保护与控制。E-mail：482711997@qq.com

作者简介: 郑涛男,1975年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统继电保护。E-mail：zhengtao@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郑涛, 马英, 由嶷, 胡胜宽. 计及储能协同控制的光伏场站快速备自投方案[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 250442-. Zheng Tao, Ma Ying, You Yi, Hu Shengkuan. A Fast Standby Automatic Switching Scheme for Photovoltaic Power Station Considering Energy Storage Cooperative Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250442-.

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