The Optimal Configuration of Energy Storage in the Source-Grid-Load-Storage Integrated System Considering Frequency Stability Constraints in 100% New Energy Scenarios
Zhao Dongmei, Song Chenming, Feng Xiangyang, Yu Chengchao, Xu Chenyu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
Abstract：It is an effective means to promote large-scale local consumption of new energy to construct an integrated source-grid-load-storage system in areas with abundant new energy and concentrated loads. However, the frequency stability problem is becoming increasingly prominent due to the lack of conventional power supply inertia support in the 100% new energy scenario. To address these issues, the potential of frequency modulation resources on the source, energy storage and load sides is fully explored in this paper, establishing an integrated system energy storage optimization configuration model considering frequency stability and the coordinated operation of various frequency modulation resources, realizing the coordinated operation of flexible adjustment resources and ensuring the frequency stability of the system. Firstly, the virtual inertia time constant is reasonably set according to the actual operating state of the system and the expected fault scenario, which is based on the safety constraint of rate of change of frequency. Secondly, the influence of the control strategy and demand-side response on the frequency response of grid forming (GFM) and grid following (GFL) were explored, which improves the frequency regulation ability of new energy stations in all aspects. Finally, a frequency response model considering the dynamic frequency response constraints and the operation characteristics of frequency modulation resources in each link of the integrated system is established, so as to effectively avoid the frequency out-of-limit problem. Simulation analysis of the proposed optimal configuration model for energy storage has a positive effect on improving the inertia level of the system and ensuring the frequency stability of the system. The frequency safety of the power system can be improved while improving economic benefits considering the frequency characteristics of new energy units, energy storage power stations and demand-side response under the framework of energy storage allocation optimization. The rotor kinetic energy stored in the wind turbine and the fast frequency response of the energy storage power station are used to provide inertia support for the system. Compared with the existing research, the proposed configuration method can effectively ensure that the frequency security and stability indicators are within the stability threshold. The system composed entirely of GFM will affect the participation of the demand-side response resulting in a 14.3% increase in the energy storage configuration power of the system. Additionally, it can reduce the planned energy storage power by up to 23.8% setting reasonable demand-side response control parameters. Simulation analysis of the proposed configuration model of energy storage considering frequency stability constraints shows that the following conclusions: (1) Virtual synchronous generators technology is introduced into the new energy station to provide virtual inertia support for the integrated system. According to the actual operating conditions and expected fault scenarios, the virtual inertia time constants of the wind farm and the energy storage power station are designed. (2) The GFM control can effectively reduce . However, it will affect the participation of demand-side response when the number of network-based stations is higher than a certain percentage. (3) The analysis of the demand side response will affect the energy storage configuration, and the case analysis shows that on the basis of ensuring user satisfaction, setting reasonable demand side response control parameters can effectively reduce the energy storage configuration cost of the integrated system.
赵冬梅, 宋晨铭, 冯向阳, 虞程超, 徐辰宇. 100%新能源场景下考虑频率稳定约束的源网荷储一体化系统储能优化配置[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(7): 2146-2161.
Zhao Dongmei, Song Chenming, Feng Xiangyang, Yu Chengchao, Xu Chenyu. The Optimal Configuration of Energy Storage in the Source-Grid-Load-Storage Integrated System Considering Frequency Stability Constraints in 100% New Energy Scenarios. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(7): 2146-2161.
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