计及频率电压稳定性约束的电力系统多层级储能协同优化运行策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231727

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摘要

高比例风电的接入使得电力系统调峰及消纳负担加重。为缓解上述压力,火电机组的开机规模通常会缩减,弱化了其在系统运行期间的频率电压支撑能力,致使系统静态电压及小扰动频率失稳风险增加。对此,该文考虑多元储能的协同互补作用,计及频率电压稳定性约束,提出一种多层级储能协同优化运行策略。首先,搭建风电场站级-电力系统级储能协同优化运行框架,据此提出场站级及系统级调度模型构建方法,并将线性化频率电压稳定性约束嵌入系统级调度模型;然后,采用主子问题分解迭代方法求解混合整数二阶锥系统级调度模型,避免直接求解导致的收敛缓慢或内存溢出问题;最后,开展算例分析,结果表明,所提策略能够有效地平抑风电出力波动、提高风电场调频支撑能力,同时可有效兼顾系统运行的经济性与频率电压的稳定性要求。

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	王廷涛
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	谭昊宇

关键词 ：静态电压稳定, 小扰动频率稳定, 多层级储能, 主子问题分解迭代, 优化调度

Abstract：

The large-scale integration of wind power brings unprecedented challenges to the power system. On the one hand, the wind power characteristics of fluctuation and anti-peak regulation increase the burden of peak regulation and wind power consumption on the system. On the other hand, a high proportion of wind power occupies the output space of traditional synchronous generators, weakening the system's voltage support, inertial response, and primary frequency regulation (PFR) capabilities, increasing the risk of instability in the system's steady-state voltage stability (SSVS) and small-disturbance frequency stability (SDFS).
To solve the above problems, we can start from two perspectives: resources and strategies. At the resource level, setting up appropriate power-type and energy-type energy storage systems on the wind farm side and power system side respectively can alleviate the pressure of system regulation. At the strategy level, SSVS and SDFS constraints are taken into account in the conventional day-ahead dispatch strategy, which can ensure that the system operation scheme is far away from critical stability and instability and has sufficient stability margin. A dual approach can effectively ensure the safe and stable economic operation of the system. Based on the above ideas, a multi-level energy storage collaborative optimization operation strategy for power systems considering frequency and voltage stability constraints is proposed. Firstly, a energy storage collaborative optimization operation framework for wind farm level and power system level is designed. Based on this, the wind farm level and power system level dispatching models are constructed, incorporating linearized frequency and voltage stability constraints into the latter. Secondly, The master & sub problem decomposition iteration method is used to solve the power system level dispatching model with mixed integer second-order cone characteristics, avoiding slow convergence or memory overflow problems caused by direct solving. Finally, the case studies were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the case studies analysis: (1) The proposed SSVS constraints construction method transforms the limitation on the active power margin of regional loads into the system flow solvable verification problem under margin boundary conditions, avoiding solving the max-problem of the large-scale system flow solvable critical load in the min-problem of the system level dispatch, and improving the efficiency of solving the system level dispatch model. (2) The proposed SDFS constraints construction method takes into account the frequency regulation dead zone and power limiting of each unit. The initial frequency change rate and maximum frequency difference are calculated using difference equations, and the steady-state frequency difference is calculated using the final value theorem. The linearization of SDFS constraints is achieved, and the accuracy of the proposed frequency indexes calculation method is verified through Simulink simulation. (3) The proposed multi-level energy storage collaborative optimization operation strategy for power systems considering frequency and voltage stability constraints can not only fully leverage the rapid adjustment effect of the wind farm self-owned battery energy storage, effectively suppress the wind farm output fluctuations and improve the wind farm PFR support capacity, but also fully leverage the PFR and large-scale energy transfer effect of the pumped storage, achieving a comprehensive balance between system operation economy as well as frequency and voltage stability.

Key words： Steady-state voltage stability small-disturbance frequency stability multi-level energy storage master & sub problem decomposition iteration optimal dispatch

收稿日期: 2023-10-17

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目资助（5419-202199551A-0-5-ZN）

通讯作者: 苗世洪, 男,1963年生,教授,博士生导师,博士,研究方向为电力系统保护与控制、压缩空气储能系统等。E-mail：shmiao@hust.edu.cn

作者简介: 王廷涛, 男,1997年生,博士研究生,研究方向为压缩空气储能系统、电力系统优化调度等。E-mail：vvtt@hust.edu.cn

引用本文:

王廷涛, 苗世洪, 姚福星, 何立钢, 王佳旭, 谭昊宇. 计及频率电压稳定性约束的电力系统多层级储能协同优化运行策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(21): 6759-6777. Wang Tingtao, Miao Shihong, Yao Fuxing, He Ligang, Wang Jiaxu, Tan Haoyu. Multi-Level Energy Storage Collaborative Optimization Operation Strategy for Power Systems Considering Frequency and Voltage Stability Constraints. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6759-6777.

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