多场景规划下混合储能对风光耦合出力波动的平抑特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241679

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摘要为了解决分布式风光互补系统在耦合出力时对波动性刻画的不准确,以及混合储能系统对电源侧波动的容纳特性不明显的问题,提出一种考虑多场景规划下混合储能平抑风光耦合出力波动的方法。首先,基于Copula理论生成风光耦合出力的场景,以此刻画电源侧耦合出力的波动情况,并将场景功率与风光总功率的差值作为产生波动的扰动功率;其次,通过扰动功率确定混合储能的目标功率,采用快速傅里叶变换及其逆变换对多场景下的扰动功率进行频谱分析,以确定各储能单元的承担功率;最后,以混合储能的运行周期成本最小为目标函数建立优化模型,采用罚函数改进的粒子群算法进行求解计算。算例结果表明,基于多场景规划的混合储能容量配置能够对电源侧的扰动功率进行有效的调频,其调频能力会随着扰动功率变化的复杂程度的加剧而增强,同时扩大对风光耦合出力的波动容纳程度,提升风光互补系统的安全应用效益。

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关键词 ：风光耦合, 场景生成, 频谱分析, 混合储能配置, 波动容纳

Abstract：The purpose of the wind-solar complementary system (WSCS) is to couple wind power and photovoltaic (PV) in a complementary way to strengthen the ability to generate power continuously in the medium and long term. However, due to the uncertainty of natural resources, the power output of WSCS is still unstable. In recent years, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) have been used to match the WSCS to reduce the volatility of system output, but there are still some problems leading to the system's economic cost making it difficult to control. For example, the coupling relationship between wind and solar is linear, and the premise of the fluctuation smoothing strategy is to meet the power demand of load-side or grid-connected. In order to solve the mentioned problems, this paper proposes a method that HESS smooths fluctuations of wind-solar coupling power considering multi-scenario planning. By constructing a nonlinear coupling relationship between wind and solar and optimizing the capacity allocation of power source-side hybrid energy storage, the system accommodation characteristics for power fluctuations are improved.
Firstly, the marginal distributions of the two power sources are constructed using KDE based on the historical data of wind power and PV, and the joint distribution is obtained by preferably using the Gumbel-Copula functions. The multi-scenario set obtained by random sampling of the joint distribution is able to reflect the intensity of the fluctuation changes. Secondly, the FFT and its IFFT are used to analyze the spectral analysis of the unstable power in scenarios set to determine the power borne by each energy storage unit. In this part, since the multi-scenario ensemble originates from a joint distribution, the correlation of each scenario in the ensemble is consistent, which means the cut-off frequency that distinguishes battery and super-capacitor does not change with the change of scenario. Finally, an optimization model is established with the objective function of minimum the cycle operating cost of HESS, and the capacity configuration of the HESS is calculated using an improved PSO. The result of capacity configuration provides room to accommodate fluctuations in power source-side output, which reduces the instability of the system.
The results of the simulation example show that the increase in frequency deviation before the HESS configuration is much larger than that after the HESS configuration. The change rate of RMSE for calculating the frequency deviation before and after the configuration of HESS ranges from 60.0% to 83.5%, the change rate gradually increases with the increase of the number of scenarios in the ensemble. This suggests that the role of HESS in regulating frequency increases as the number of scenarios increases. Meanwhile, with the increase in the number of scenarios in the set, the maximum growth in the rated power and rated capacity of the batteries is 77.1% and 54.9%, respectively. And that of the super-capacitors is 40.0% and 42.4%. However, this makes the increase in equipment cost of the super-capacitor more prominent. Further, the configuration of HESS makes the power fluctuation of the system at adjacent moments smoother. The fluctuation accommodation range of the power source-side within the time intervals of 10 h, 60 h, and 240 h is enhanced by 12.9%, 7.4%, and 6%, respectively. The amplification of the fluctuation accommodation range decreases with the longer of the time intervals. Nevertheless, the HESS still has rechargeable power characteristics when the power source-side output is zero.
From the simulation results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Different numbers of scenarios in the set have consistent correlation, so the dividing frequency of the battery and the super-capacitor does not change with the number of scenarios, which makes the HESS can be effective for the fluctuating power to modulate frequency. (2) The more complex the frequency variations of the fluctuating power at the wind-solar coupling output, the more pronounced the capability of HESS modulating frequency. (3) The results of the HESS configuration reflect that super-capacitors and batteries have greater advantages in the rated power and rated capacity, respectively. (4) Even if the wind-solar coupling output is close to 0 or 0 after the configuration of HESS, the system is still able to ensure that there is a certain margin to counteract the fluctuating impact of sudden power changes.

Key words： Wind-solar coupled scenario generation frequency analysis hybrid energy storage configuration fluctuating accommodations

收稿日期: 2024-09-26

PACS:

TM61

基金资助:锡林郭勒盟科技计划资助项目（202201）

通讯作者: 包道日娜女,1976年生,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为智能微电网、风光储系统一体化、全钒液流电池等。E-mail：bdrn125@163.com

作者简介: 高帆男,1997年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电、储能技术的应用及优化等。E-mail：gfan158@163.com

引用本文:

高帆, 包道日娜, 赵明智, 王天博, 徐军明. 多场景规划下混合储能对风光耦合出力波动的平抑特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(9): 2827-2839. Gao Fan, Bao Daorina, Zhao Mingzhi, Wang Tianbo, Xu Junming. Smoothing Characteristic of Wind-Solar Coupled Output Fluctuations by Hybrid Energy Storage under Multi-Scenario Planning. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(9): 2827-2839.

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