Abstract：The volatility and intermittency of renewable energy sources will threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system. The "energy timing transfer" feature of energy storage (ES) broadens the path for the power system to realize the balance between supply and demand, and can alleviate the plight of renewable energy consumption. However, up to now, the large-scale application of ES still exists development bottlenecks such as high investment costs, long construction cycle and the lack of commercial profit model. Shared energy storage(SES) can effectively reduce redundant investment in ES resources and improve the utilization rate of it by decoupling the ownership and usage of ES resources and utilizing the complementary nature of users' needs. The optimal configuration of SES resources is the basis for its efficient operation. Currently, research on the allocation of SES resources focuses on conventional electrochemical ES devices, and lacks unified modeling of multi-energy generalized ES devices, thus failing to realize the full exploitation of the large number of existing idle multi-energy generalized ES resources. In addition, most of the studies have not yet fully considered the uncertainty of user energy storage demand and the uncertainty impact brought by the introduction of multi-energy generalized ES resources, resulting in an uneconomical SES configuration scheme. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework for optimized configuration of generalized SES resources, i.e., the SES operator will optimize the construction scale of centralized electrochemical ES equipment on the basis of leasing the generalized distributed generalized ES resources, so as to reduce the upfront investment cost under the premise of meeting the users' demand for SES services. Firstly, this paper models and aggregates the generalized energy storage(GES) resources, comprehensively considers the operational characteristics of GES resources, respectively models 5G base station backup energy storage, electric vehicle charging station, and air conditioner, utilizes Minkowski sum method to aggregate and encapsulate the large-scale GES resources, so as to achieve a concise representation of the GES model and to provide a model basis for the following text. Then, the generalized SES optimal configuration model is designed considering multiple uncertainties. SES operators and user groups form a cooperative alliance by ceding the right to use ES resources, and the generalized SES optimal configuration model is decomposed into two sub-problems of alliance energy cost minimization and internal payment bargaining based on the Nash bargaining theory; based on the deterministic model, the fuzzy opportunity constrained planning theory is used to quantify the risk caused by the uncertainty of the user group's source-load output and GES parameters. Case study first verifies the effectiveness of the generalized SES optimal configuration model based on Nash bargaining. By leasing idle GES resources and taking advantage of the complementary feature of user demand, the SES is able to effectively reduce the configuration of centralized ES scale, and ultimately achieve a win-win situation between the SES operator and the user group. In addition, the results of optimal configuration taking into account multiple uncertainties show that the complementary role of GES resources is beneficial to the SES operator in reducing configuration costs and increasing net returns. Finally, compared to the uncertainty of GES parameters, the uncertainty of the source-load-side output brings more riskiness to the configuration decision of the SES operator, and the configuration scale of centralized electrochemical ES equipment increases with the increase of the uncertainty ambiguity; the configuration under high confidence can be realized by sacrificing some of the gains, thus achieving the balance between economy and reliability.
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2025, Vol. 40 
