电工技术学报  2025, Vol. 40 Issue (7): 2335-2352    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240593
电能存储与应用 |
基于竞争合作机制的电池储能系统分布式功率分配策略
余洋1,2, 李梦璐1,2, 王卜潇1,2, 向小平1,2, 刘卫亮3
1.河北省分布式储能与微网重点实验室（华北电力大学（保定）） 保定 071003;
2.新能源电力系统全国重点实验室（华北电力大学（保定）） 保定 071003;
3.保定市综合能源系统状态检测与优化调控重点实验室 保定 071003
A Distributed Power Allocation Strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Competitive-Cooperative Mechanism
Yu Yang1,2, Li Menglu1,2, Wang Boxiao1,2, Xiang Xiaoping1,2, Liu Weiliang3
1. Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid of Hebei Province North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
3. Baoding Key Laboratory of State Detection and Optimization Regulation for Integrated Energy System Baoding 071003 China
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摘要 为使电池储能系统（BESS）平抑微电网不平衡功率时寿命损耗降低,同时保证其可调节能力,该文提出基于竞争合作机制及改进二分一致性算法（IBCA）的BESS低损均衡功率分配策略。首先,为促进单体荷电状态（SOC）均衡,建立基于事件驱动机制的BESS分组模型,进一步考虑单体寿命损耗及BESS可调节能力,设计基于竞争合作机制的BESS功率分配模型;其次,计及通信时滞,将状态反馈机制、功率分配加权矩阵及规范变换阵引入二分一致性算法,形成IBCA;然后,设计基于分组功率分配模型的BESS功率分配策略,并利用IBCA完成BESS功率分配;最后,以某微电网典型日不平衡功率为例进行仿真。结果表明,IBCA兼顾了迭代速度、鲁棒性及内存占用量,所提策略有效地降低了BESS寿命损耗,促进单体SOC均衡,实现了功率的快速准确分配,并且实验结果与仿真保持一致,进一步验证了所提策略的有效性。
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余洋
李梦璐
王卜潇
向小平
刘卫亮
关键词 ： 微电网,  电池储能,  事件驱动机制,  竞争合作机制,  二分一致性算法    
Abstract：In order to reduce the lifespan loss of battery energy storage systems (BESS) when suppressing unbalanced power in microgrids, while ensuring its adjustability, this paper proposes a low loss balanced power allocation strategy for BESS based on competitive cooperation mechanism and improved bipartite consistency algorithm (IBCA). Firstly, in order to promote the balance of individual state of charge (SOC), the event driven BESS grouping model is established. Further considering the individual lifespan loss and the adjustable ability of BESS, the BESS power allocation model based on competition and cooperation mechanism is designed, which proposes the design concept of competition and cooperation mechanism, constructs four power allocation modes based on competition and cooperation mechanism, and establishes corresponding BESS power allocation objective functions. Secondly, the bipartite consistency algorithm (BCA) is selected as the BESS power allocation implementation algorithm. Taking into account communication delay, the state feedback mechanism, power allocation weighting matrix, and gauge transformation matrix are introduced into the bipartite consistency algorithm to form improved-BCA (IBCA). Subsequently, the BESS power allocation strategy based on the packet power allocation model is designed and the IBCA is utilized to complete the BESS power allocation. Finally, the performance of the proposed IBCA and power allocation strategy is verified through simulation and experiments.
Using a certain microgrid demonstration platform, a typical daily unbalanced power data was selected for simulation. In order to verify the advantages of IBCA, convergence speed, robustness, and memory usage are used as evaluation indicators and compared with the other three algorithms. The results show that due to the influence of communication delay, there are fluctuations in the initial iteration of each algorithm, while IBCA can quickly converge to steady state, with a shorter iteration time and faster convergence speed. At the same time, IBCA can quickly recover to steady state after being disturbed, and still has high convergence accuracy, indicating that IBCA has high robustness. Furthermore, by analyzing the amount of data stored in the iterative process system, it can be concluded that IBCA has a lower memory usage. In order to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this article, the grouping power allocation effect, reducing lifespan loss effect, battery units SOC recovery and balance control effect, and power tracking effect are used as evaluation indicators, and compared with the other three schemes. The results show that the power allocation model based on competition and cooperation mechanism effectively ensures the response advantage of the power response subject group, reduces the power shock caused by units state switching, reduces BESS lifespan loss, promotes SOC recovery, and effectively improves SOC balance. In addition, the BESS grouping model based on event driven mechanism effectively achieves the reordering and grouping of battery units triggering events. The final power tracking effect diagram shows that according to the strategy proposed in this article, BESS can achieve fast and accurate tracking of power instructions, provide fast compensation for unbalanced power in microgrids, and thus improve the stability of microgrid operation.
To further verify the effectiveness of the power allocation strategy proposed in this article, a BESS hardware experimental platform was built. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy effectively reduces the lifespan loss of BESS, with an expected service life of up to 12.47 years. At the same time, proving the effectiveness of the strategy proposed in this article for battery unit grouping and SOC balance. In addition, the power tracking results indicate that BESS can achieve fast and accurate tracking of power instructions, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.
Key words： Microgrid    battery energy storage    event driven mechanism    competition-cooperation mechanism    bipartite consistency algorithm   
收稿日期: 2024-04-18     
PACS: TM91  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52077078）
通讯作者: 余 洋 男,1982年生,博士,教授,研究方向为电力储能技术、柔性负荷的建模与调度。E-mail：yym0401@163.com   
作者简介: 李梦璐 女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力储能技术、新能源电力系统。E-mail：lml1112000@163.com
引用本文:   
余洋, 李梦璐, 王卜潇, 向小平, 刘卫亮. 基于竞争合作机制的电池储能系统分布式功率分配策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(7): 2335-2352. Yu Yang, Li Menglu, Wang Boxiao, Xiang Xiaoping, Liu Weiliang. A Distributed Power Allocation Strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Competitive-Cooperative Mechanism. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(7): 2335-2352.
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