Committed Carbon Emission Operation Region of Microgrids: Theory, Construction and Observation
Zhang Jiyue1, Ren Zhouyang1, Jiang Yunpeng1, Feng Jianbing1, Sun Yan2
1. National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China; 2. Guangxi Power Grid Co. Ltd Nanning 530000 China
Abstract：Developing low-carbon microgrids with high-penetration renewable energy integration and exploiting low-carbon operational potential of microgrids are significant for achieving a green-oriented transition in the energy system. However, due to increasing source and load fluctuations in the actual environment, maintaining the expected optimal low-carbon regulation state becomes challenging for microgrids, greatly increasing the risk of excess carbon emissions and deviation from the safe operating region. Therefore, the theory and calculation method of Committed Carbon Emission Operation Region (CCEOR) for microgrids is proposed. The low carbon regulation ability of microgrids can be intuitively quantified through geometric features for dispatching centers by CCEOR projection observation, providing an effective tool for monitoring and sensing the operating state of microgrids. Firstly, the CCEOR model, which considers committed carbon emissions and sequential operation characteristics of microgrids, is established. The mathematical property of CCEOR is revealed from the view of boundary characteristics, ensuring observable theoretical conditions. Secondly, aiming at high-dimensional coupling features of CCEOR, a low-dimensional CCEOR observation model is constructed based on carbon emission flow theory. The low-carbon operation space of microgrids can be projected into the load space of key nodes. Accordingly, a boundary solution algorithm combining an improved second-order cone and convex hull relaxation method is proposed. The proposed method can effectively fit the boundary of low-dimensional CCEOR with practical fitting accuracy. Finally, the geometric feature indices are established to describe the low carbon operation capability and variable coupling relationship of microgrids, facilitating the quantitative evaluation of their low carbon regulation potential. Two microgrid test systems with different scales validate the proposed method. The observation and geometric feature evaluation of CCEOR shows that the current low carbon operation status and complex coupling relationship of different observation variables can be intuitively reflected. Besides, it is demonstrated that the renewable energy and carbon emission targets significantly impact the low-carbon operation space of microgrids. The overall CCEOR is expanded, and the microgrid has a flexible adjustment space with the increase of renewable energy penetration. In addition, the renewable energy access location affects the coupling degree between different observed variables. With the increase of carbon emission targets, safe operation conditions play a major role in limiting the load growth, ensuring the microgrid operates within a safe and feasible range. Compared with the existing common boundary fitting method, the proposed boundary fitting method has high construction accuracy and less calculation cost. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results. (1) The observation and geometric feature evaluation of CCEOR provides visual operation auxiliary judgment and quick perception of the operating state for dispatchers by reflecting the current low carbon operation status and the complex coupling relationship of different observation variables. (2) The proposed boundary fitting method of CCEOR balances CCEOR construction accuracy and computational cost. (3) CCEOR has a good application prospect for guiding low- carbon resource optimization in microgrids, collaborating with the electric carbon market's distribution network and trading strategy.
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2024, Vol. 39 
