不依赖同步对时的配电网接地故障双端行波测距方法及其误差分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241340

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摘要

配电网线路短、行波过程极其短暂,在已知故障分支区段的前提下,实现单相接地故障的精确定位仍然具有一定的挑战性。为解决上述问题,该文综合传统单端法、双端法的优势,提出一种消去波速、且不依赖双端同步对时的单相接地故障测距方法。首先,基于模量波速差算法对就地化模量时差进行了数学计算,用以表征故障位置;其次,在对两侧线模、零模首波头分别标定的前提下,提出了故障位置的计算方法,无须对零模波速进行估计,有效地提升了故障定位的精度,并利用PSCAD/EMTDC与配电网动模实验系统进行验证;最后,基于数值分析的理论,将误差限引入行波测距算法的评估,通过推导传统算法与所提算法的误差限,探讨了波头标定误差与零模波速估计误差对测距结果的影响,揭示了上述精度提升的理论本质。结果显示,在不考虑对时误差的仿真结果下,所提方法与双端法的精度大幅高于基于模量波速差的算法;考虑对时误差后,分析得到所提方法精度高于双端法。

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关键词 ：配电网, 单相接地故障, 故障测距, 零模, 误差限

Abstract：

The distribution network is at the end of the power system, with a high probability of line faults, among which single-phase ground faults account for over 80%. To reduce the burden of manual line inspections and achieve rapid fault restoration in the distribution network, accurate localization of single-phase ground faults has been a long-standing research focus. However, the distribution network line is short, and the traveling wave process is extremely brief. Even with known fault branch segments, achieving precise localization of single-phase grounding faults remains challenging. Existing fault location algorithms often rely on zero-modal components, but the instability and difficulty in estimating the zero-modal wave velocity introduce significant errors in the location results. To address these issues, this paper proposes a single-phase grounding fault location method that combines the advantages of traditional single- and double-terminal methods, while eliminating the dependence on zero-modal wave velocity estimation and synchronization between terminals.
Firstly, mathematical calculations of the on-site modal time difference are performed based on the modal wave velocity difference, which is then used to characterize the fault location. Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and the Teager Energy Operator (TEO) are applied to separately calibrate the first wavefronts of the aerial and zero-modal components on both sides of the fault. The modal time differences from both sides are then substituted into the fault location formula to calculate the fault distance. This approach eliminates the need for estimating the zero-modal wave velocity and avoids the challenges of synchronization and detecting reflected waves, effectively improving the accuracy of fault location. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC show that the proposed fault location method can quickly and reliably locate single-phase grounding faults in overhead distribution network lines, with an error of less than 100 meters across various fault scenarios, including different fault resistances, fault angles, fault locations, fault phases, and grounding methods of the neutral point. Testing has shown that the noise resistance threshold of the proposed algorithm is 40 dB. When the noise level in the measurement environment is high (SNR<40 dB) and there is a certain proportion of impulse noise, the combination of multiple moving average filters (to suppress white noise) and median filters (to suppress impulse noise) ensures the accuracy of wavefront calibration. Results from dynamic simulation tests demonstrate that the proposed method can still accurately locate faults in high-noise environments, with a relative error of 1.26%.
Finally, based on numerical analysis theory, error bounds are derived for both the single- and double-terminal methods based on the modulus wave speed difference, as well as for the proposed algorithm. The impact of wavefront calibration errors and zero-modal wave velocity estimation errors on the error bounds is explored, revealing the theoretical basis for the improved accuracy. Validation cases using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform confirm these findings. The results indicate that, without considering synchronization errors, the proposed method and the double-terminal method achieve significantly higher accuracy than the algorithm based on the modal wave velocity difference. After accounting for synchronization errors, the proposed method demonstrates higher accuracy than the double-terminal method.

Key words： Distribution networks single-phase grounding fault fault location zero-modal traveling wave error bounds

收稿日期: 2024-07-28

PACS:

TM773

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51677030）

通讯作者: 郭谋发男,1973年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为配电网单相接地故障信息处理、保护控制及柔性消弧等。E-mail：gmf@fzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑雨霖女,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为配电网单相接地故障行波测距。E-mail：230127003@fzu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郑雨霖, 郭谋发, 陈方旭, 林佳壕. 不依赖同步对时的配电网接地故障双端行波测距方法及其误差分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1340-. Zheng Yulin, Guo Moufa, Chen Fangxu, Lin Jiahao. A Double-Terminal Traveling Wave Grounding Fault Location Scheme in Distribution Networks Independent of Time Synchronization and Its Error Analysis. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1340-.

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