Research on Synergistic Planning of Data Center and Urban Electricity-Water Distribution Networks Considering Electricity-Water Interdependent Flexibility
Zeng Bo, Meng Zishuai, Dong Jialu, Xu Xinzhu, Ma Haotian
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
Abstract：With the rapid development of information technology such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence Internet of Things, Internet data center has become an emerging load node coupling urban power and water supply system. How to realize the organic coordinated development of IDC and urban distribution-water network has become an important topic for future urban planning. However, most of the existing studies only consider data center as a flexible resource for power load planning. However, the potential value of data center water load adjustability and water load uncertainty in system planning has not been fully tapped. Firstly, considering the coupling of power consumption and water consumption of IDC and the flexibility of demand side, a collaborative planning method of data center and urban distribution-water network considering uncertainty is proposed. Then, the process of IDC data processing-power consumption-cooling-water consumption is modeled from the perspective of power-water coupling. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of system investment and operation, a robust optimization model of collaborative planning between IDC and urban power distribution-water network is established by considering the expansion of power distribution/water network, IDC capacity allocation and system operation, and taking into account the influence of multiple uncertainties such as renewable energy, power/water load and data load. Finally, according to the characteristics of the model, nested columns and constraint generation algorithms are used to solve the model efficiently. Taking the modified IEEE-33-node distribution network and 13-node water distribution network coupling system as an example, the simulation analysis is carried out. In order to verify the value and effectiveness of the water-energy collaborative planning method of data center under the power-water coupling system proposed in this paper, four scenarios are designed according to the existing research, and the planning schemes and economic benefits obtained in different scenarios are compared and analyzed. It is found that the integrated planning of providing electricity/water DR service for distribution network/water distribution network should give full play to own flexibility. The absorption capacity of renewable energy in distribution network is improved, and the benefit of rational utilization of water resources is achieved. In addition, the influence factors of water consumption and uncertain factors on achieving these goals are analyzed in detail. Through the simulation analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Considering the collaborative planning of IDC water consumption and water distribution network planning, the system economy and environmental benefits will be significantly improved, and the consumption of renewable energy and the utilization of water resources will be promoted. (2) The development of water demand response potential is comprehensively influenced by the cooling water supply/return temperature of cooling system, the set temperature of chilled water supply/return and the setting of pump flow rate, and is closely related to the reservoir capacity and water purchase strategy. (3) The setting of uncertainty factors’ deviation coefficient and conservatism parameter has a profound influence on the system planning results, and higher robustness will lead to more expensive economic costs, so it is necessary to adjust the deviation coefficient and conservatism parameter to achieve the balance between robustness and economy of the planning model.
曾博, 孟自帅, 董嘉路, 徐心竹, 马浩天. 考虑电-水耦合灵活性的数据中心与城市配电-水网协同规划研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(23): 7554-7569.
Zeng Bo, Meng Zishuai, Dong Jialu, Xu Xinzhu, Ma Haotian. Research on Synergistic Planning of Data Center and Urban Electricity-Water Distribution Networks Considering Electricity-Water Interdependent Flexibility. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(23): 7554-7569.
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2025, Vol. 40 
