Surface Vibration Measurement and Compensation Algorithm of Power Equipment Based on Laser Doppler Vibration
Lai Zekai1, Guan Xiangyu1, Tu Jiayi1, Lin Jiangang1,2, Xu Xinling1
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China; 2. CHINALCO Shandong Advanced Material Co. Ltd Zibo 255052 China
Abstract：The electromagnetic force generated by the internal discharge defects of power equipment will trigger an abnormal vibration source, which is transmitted to the surface of the equipment through the internal rigid components and gas-liquid insulating medium. As a result, potential mechanical defects within the equipment can be detected by vibration characteristics on the surface of the equipment. Laser Doppler vibration (LDV) is a non-contact vibration measurement technology widely used in various fields. However, the application of commercially available general-purpose LDV vibration measurement devices on power equipment has many shortcomings, such as insufficient optical coupling and weak resistance to strong magnetic interference. This paper proposes a comprehensive compensation algorithm for the unadaptable surface roughness of electrical materials and unbalanced amplitude-phase of IQ signals, which exist in the detection of LDV in the charged operation of power equipment. Firstly, the 1 550 nm all-fiber heterodyne interferometric vibration measurement system is designed and constructed according to the principle of LDV vibration measurement. The vibration signal reduction is realized using the baseband signal quadrature demodulation algorithm. Second, the surface roughness of different electrical materials is obtained by a roughness tester, and a three-dimensional ray optical compensation model is established considering the combination of rough electrical material surfaces and lenses. Third, the mirror image suppression algorithm is used to correct the effect of IQ amplitude-phase imbalance on the demodulation results, and the effectiveness of the correction algorithm is discussed. Finally, the vibration test platforms and the actual vibration measurement experiment platform of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) are constructed. The results show that the average coupling efficiency of the LDV is increased by 21.92% for different electrotechnical materials after adding the proposed optical antenna compensation, which verifies the feasibility of the optical antenna structure design. Under strong magnetic environmental interference, the IQ signal has an image interference ratio (IIR) of 25.04 dB and an orthogonality imbalance of 0.012. The signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signal is improved by 25.8 dB after the compensation of the IQ signal. The calibration test of LDV for electrical materials shows that the developed equipment has accurate measurement results and high signal-to-noise ratios. The stability of distance response for different electrical materials can be satisfied in long-distance energized detection of electrical equipment. In the actual power equipment charged operation, the improved LDV system is easy to install and avoids the transmission loss caused by reflective stickers. Compared with traditional acceleration sensors, the measured time domain waveforms are closer to sinusoidal, and the frequency domain graphs are less noisy. Thus, the vibration component caused by defects can be clearly seen. The following work will improve the LDV equipment by adding vibration mirrors to realize multi-point scanning vibration measurement, obtain the full-field data of vibration on the surface of the power equipment, and carry out the subsequent inverse analysis of the internal structure.
赖泽楷, 关向雨, 涂嘉毅, 林建港, 徐欣灵. 基于激光多普勒测振的电力设备表面振动测量及补偿算法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(6): 1707-1717.
Lai Zekai, Guan Xiangyu, Tu Jiayi, Lin Jiangang, Xu Xinling. Surface Vibration Measurement and Compensation Algorithm of Power Equipment Based on Laser Doppler Vibration. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(6): 1707-1717.
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