有源配电网ITOC保护配合失效问题研究及自适应配合思想的可行性分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250815

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摘要

随着有源配电网中受控电力电子设备的大规模接入,网络拓扑形态发生根本变化,导致传统阶段式配合的反时限过流（ITOC）保护出现适应性问题。针对这一挑战,首先分析了电源特性与拓扑结构变化对既有配合关系的影响,明确了预设配合关系动态失效所引发的整定困难问题。其次,研究了分布式电源（DGs）接入对保护动作特性的影响机理,并通过仿真验证了DGs接入及拓扑变化引起的保护失配现象,进一步揭示了现有ITOC保护在动态拓扑下的局限性。最后,提出了一种仅利用流经上下级保护的相同电气量及反时限特性方程实现相邻保护自适应配合的思想,分析了不同故障时段电气量的空间分布特性,总结出电气量随距离故障点远近呈现幅值递减的规律,并据此提出反时限特性方程的构建方法。通过理论分析和仿真结果,论证了所提自适应配合方法的可行性,为高比例DGs接入下有源配电网的后备保护配置提供了新思路。

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关键词 ：有源配电网, 反时限过流保护, 自适应配合, 分布式电源, 电气量分布特性

Abstract：

Inverse-time overcurrent (ITOC) backup protection is difficult to coordinate in active distribution networks with distributed generations (DGs) and converter-interfaced sources. Changes in DG access location, operating state, and network topology alter fault-current paths and relay operating conditions. Preset coordination relationships established for one operating mode may therefore become invalid in another mode. This study analyzes the mechanism of coordination degradation and examines an adaptive coordination formulation for active distribution networks.
The analysis is based on the coupling among fault current, relay settings, and inverse-time characteristic parameters, which determines the coordination capability of conventional ITOC protection. Fault-network relationships and inverse-time operating-time expressions are used to examine the effects of source-characteristic changes and topology changes on adjacent-relay coordination. The IEC inverse-time characteristic equation is used to quantify the variation of the coordination time interval under different DG access locations. The results show that DG integration and topology reconfiguration can compress or enlarge the operating-time difference between adjacent protections, and may violate preset coordination requirements in some scenarios. Time-current characteristic curves and simulation results under different operating conditions show that fixed offline settings are difficult to maintain coordination performance across multiple modes.
To reduce dependence on fixed-scenario preset grading, relay coordination is reformulated as an operating-time generation problem. Relay operating times are generated by combining an inverse-time characteristic equation with the same type of electrical quantity (or its constructed quantity) measured by upstream and downstream protections along the same fault path. The formulation is used to examine feasibility and to explain the method construction principle, rather than as a complete engineering setting procedure. Its purpose is to build a physically interpretable mapping between spatially distributed fault-related electrical quantities and relay operating times, so that relay operating order can follow the spatial relationship between measuring points and the fault point under varying DG and topology conditions.
The feasibility of this formulation is examined by analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of candidate electrical quantities in different fault stages, including the transient/free-response stage and the fault steady stage. Under the analyzed conditions, the magnitude of the electrical quantity, or a constructed scalar quantity derived from it, mainly varies with the electrical distance between the measuring point and the fault point. This provides the basis for adaptive operating-time generation. A generalized inverse-time expression is then discussed to describe the mapping from the selected electrical quantity to relay operating time. The physical meanings of the parameters are clarified, and parameter constraints such as positivity and monotonicity are considered to ensure meaningful operating-time distribution and adjacent-relay coordination. Analytical and simulation results show that the dynamic failure of preset ITOC coordination in active distribution networks originates from changes in the coupling among fault current, relay settings, and inverse-time parameters under DG and topology variations, and that electrical quantities with spatial distribution characteristics can be used to form relay operating times, providing a feasible basis for adaptive ITOC backup-protection coordination in active distribution networks under high DG penetration conditions.

Key words： Active distribution network inverse-time overcurrent protection adaptive coordination distributed generation distribution characteristics of electrical quantities

收稿日期: 2025-05-14

PACS:

TM773

基金资助:

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划（2025JC-YBQN-642）、智能电网重大专项（2030）（2024ZD0802304）资助项目

通讯作者: 常娜娜女,1991年生,博士,讲师,研究方向为交/直流配电网继电保护。E-mail：changnana@xaut.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋国兵男,1972年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统继电保护。E-mail：song.gb@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

常娜娜, 宋国兵, 蒋嘉桁, 常仲学. 有源配电网ITOC保护配合失效问题研究及自适应配合思想的可行性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 30-. Chang Nana, Song Guobing, Jiang Jiaheng, Chang Zhongxue. Research on the Coordination Failure of ITOC Protection and Feasibility Analysis of an Adaptive Coordination Concept in Active Distribution Network. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 30-.

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