Reduction of Six Times Frequency Vibration and Noise of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Interpolar Virtual Teeth
Li Zexing1, Xia Jiakuan1, Liu Tiefa2, Guo Zhiyan1, Lu Bingna1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China; 2. Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Science Shenyang 110169 China
Abstract：The permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are the most attractive candidates for the use as the power sources for underwater vehicles due to its inherent high efficiency and high power density. However, as an essential performance for the underwater vehicles, concealment is vulnerable to low-frequency vibration and noise caused by PMSMs. In the low frequency domain, the six-times frequency vibration plays a significant role for PMSMs, which is caused by the six-times frequency force harmonic. The six-times frequency force harmonic is closely related to the fundamental wave, the third-, fifth- and seventh-order magnetic field harmonics. As these magnetic field harmonics account for a large proportion in all magnetic field harmonics, the six-times frequency vibration and noise are generally and significantly present in PMSMs with different combines of pole and slot number. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and weaken the six-times frequency force harmonic. In this paper, a weakening method of the interpolar virtual teeth is proposed. After adding virtual teeth, the air-gap flux density and its FFT result are calculated. Compared with the original motor, the 3rd harmonic and the difference between the 5th and 7th harmonics is reduced under the influence of the virtual teeth. After adding virtual teeth, the electromagnetic force density and its FFT result are calculated. Compared with the original motor, the 2nd and 4th force harmonics are basically unchanged, while the 6th harmonic is significantly reduced by 58.5%. After adding virtual teeth, the torque on load is calculated. The control mode of the original motor is Id=0, and the control modes of the optimized motor with virtual teeth are Id=0 and the maximum ratio of torque to current, respectively. Compared with the original motor, the average torque of the optimized motor with virtual teeth is basically unchanged. Therefore, the virtual tooth structure can effectively reduce the sixth harmonic of electromagnetic force while ensuring the torque density. After adding virtual teeth, the vibration spectrum is calculated. The main frequency points include 6f, 12f, 18f, and the amplitudes of the vibration acceleration at 6f is largest. Compared with the original motor, the acceleration amplitude of the optimized motor with virtual teeth at 6f decreases from 0.856 m/s2 to 0.475 m/s2. After adding virtual teeth, the noise spectrum is calculated. The trend of noise spectrum is basically the same as the vibration spectrum. Compared with the original motor, the noise amplitude at 6f is significantly reduced, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed optimized method. The noise experiment is carried out in the noise laboratory. The measured results are similar to that of the simulation, and the characteristic points at 6f, 12f and 18f are consistent. Since this simulated project only evaluated the electromagnetic noise, the measured noise may contain other noise sources such as rotor eccentricity, bearing noise and friction noise, which inevitably lead to the difference between calculated values and measured values. However, the simulation results generally meet the required accuracy, and the error is deemed acceptable. Therefore, the theoretical analysis and simulation results are confirmed.
李泽星, 夏加宽, 刘铁法, 郭志研, 鲁冰娜. 基于极间虚齿的表贴式永磁电机六倍频振动噪声的削弱[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(5): 1287-1298.
Li Zexing, Xia Jiakuan, Liu Tiefa, Guo Zhiyan, Lu Bingna. Reduction of Six Times Frequency Vibration and Noise of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Interpolar Virtual Teeth. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(5): 1287-1298.
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2023, Vol. 38 
