Reduction of Pole-Frequency Vibration of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Piecewise Stagger Unequal Poles
Li Zexing1, Xia Jiakuan1, Liu Tiefa2, Guo Zhiyan1, Zhu Qisheng1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China; 2. Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Science Shenyang 110169 China
Abstract：The permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are the most attractive candidates used as power sources for underwater vehicles due to their inherent high efficiency and high power density. However, as essential performance for underwater vehicles, concealment is vulnerable to low-frequency vibration and noise caused by PMSMs. In the low-frequency domain, the pole-frequency vibration plays a significant vibroacoustic role for PMSMs. The frequency is equal to the multiplication of pole number and mechanical rotation frequency and twice the source frequency. The pole-frequency radial force harmonic is the strongest component among different frequency harmonics. It is closely related to the fundamental magnetic field, which leads to the common and significant existence of pole-frequency vibration in PMSMs with different combinations of pole and slot numbers. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and weaken the pole-frequency vibration. This paper proposes a weakening method of the piecewise stagger unequal poles. The magnetic poles are equally divided into two sections in the axial direction, and the zero-crossing region of the two-section structures is offset in the circumferential direction. Based on the finite element model, the radial force, tangential force, and main electromagnetic parameters of the common motor with and without an optimized structure are calculated and compared. The radial force density curves and their FFT results of the two motors are calculated. Compared with the common motor, the fluctuation range of radial force density of the proposed motor is significantly reduced, and the amplitudes of the main harmonics of 2f, 4f, and 6f are decreased. The radial force curves and their FFT results of the two motors are calculated. Compared with the common motor, the amplitude of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th harmonics drops by 52 %, 47 %, and 75 % for the proposed motor, respectively. The tangential force density curves of the two motors are calculated. Compared with the common motor, the peak-to-peak value of the tangential force density is reduced by 18 % for the proposed motor. The electromagnetic torques of the two motors are simulated and compared on load. The average torques of two motors are 4.21 N·m and 4.20 N·m, respectively, and the torque density of the proposed motor is unchanged. The vibration acceleration spectra of the two motors at rated speeds are simulated and compared. The main frequency points include 2f, 4f, and 6f, and the amplitudes of the vibration acceleration at 2f is largest. Compared with the common motor, the acceleration amplitude of the proposed motor at 2f decreases from 0.689 m/s2 to 0.341 m/s2. In order to verify the validity of the analysis and the simulated results, the two prototypes are manufactured, and their vibration experiments are carried out. The trends of the simulated and measured results are consistent. Compared with the common motor, the amplitudes of the vibration acceleration at 2f, 4f, and 6f are reduced significantly for the proposed motor. The relationship between the torque and current of the two motors is measured. When the phase current reaches the rated current, the average torques of the common and proposed motors are 4.22 N·m and 4.20 N·m, respectively. Therefore, the optimized structure of the piecewise stagger unequal poles can effectively reduce the pole-frequency vibration while ensuring the torque density.
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2023, Vol. 38 
