非晶合金铁心电抗器减振结构的电磁-机械耦合拓扑优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222350

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摘要非晶合金用于电抗器铁心可有效降低损耗,但其磁致伸缩系数较大,将引起电抗器剧烈的振动。该文提出一种应用于非晶合金铁心减振结构设计的电磁-机械耦合拓扑优化算法。首先,基于固体各向同性材料惩罚（SIMP）模型,将优化区域材料的相对磁导率和杨氏模量用材料密度的插值函数表示,并采用有限元方法构建电抗器优化模型;其次,以电感值为约束条件,振动最小为优化目标,对非晶合金铁心进行拓扑优化,并采用全局收敛移动渐近线法,将电磁拓扑优化的解作为机械拓扑优化的初始值,缩短电磁-机械耦合拓扑优化的收敛时间;最后,对优化模型进行仿真及实验验证,结果表明：在保证电抗器电感值不变的前提下,优化后铁心气隙区域沿主磁路方向的振动加速度幅值降低24%。证明了提出的电磁-机械耦合拓扑优化算法在减振动结构设计中具备有效性。

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关键词 ：电抗器, 拓扑优化, 电磁振动, 有限元法

Abstract：Amorphous alloy materials used in reactor cores can reduce the core losses, but their large magnetostrictive coefficient will increase the core vibration. Therefore, this paper proposes a magnetic- mechanical coupling topology optimization algorithm to design amorphous alloy core damping structures. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment.
Firstly, based on the solid isotropic material penalty (SIMP) model, the relative permeability and Young's modulus of the material in the optimization region are expressed as an interpolation function of the material density. The reactor optimization model is then constructed by the finite element method. Secondly, the topology of the amorphous alloy core is optimized with constraints on inductance values and the objective of minimizing vibration. The global convergence moving asymptote method is used to shorten the convergence time of the electromagnetic-mechanical coupled topology optimization by taking the solution of the electromagnetic topology optimization. Meanwhile, a threshold function is introduced to eliminate the intermediate density and address boundary ambiguity. Finally, the optimized model is verified. Due to structural differences in the core air gap region before and after optimization, the inductance value of the optimized reactor is reduced by 4.6%, which falls within an acceptable range, ensuring normal reactor operation. At the same time, the amplitude of vibration acceleration along the main magnetic circuit direction in the core air gap region is reduced by 33% after optimization, and the suppression effect of acceleration on 100 Hz and its octave frequency is noticeable. In addition, to exclude the influence of negative inductance deviation on the vibration-damping effect, a set of compensation coils is added to the optimized reactor, and vibration tests are conducted. The results show a 24% vibration acceleration along the main magnetic circuit direction in the air-gap region with maintaining constant reactor inductance values. Therefore, the proposed electromagnetic-mechanical coupling topology optimization algorithm effectively designs vibration-reducing structures. The following conclusions are drawn from the simulation and experimental analysis: (1) Under the excitation condition of 50 Hz, the vibration frequency of the core before and after optimization is mainly concentrated at 100 Hz and its octave frequency. Thus, the main reasons for the vibration of the reactor are the magnetostrictive force and the electromagnetic force. (2) The optimized structure of the core topology can reduce the vibration of the reactor. (3) The proposed topology optimization method for the reactor with electromagnetic-mechanical coupling has a better vibration reduction effect to ensure the normal operating condition of the reactor, providing a new idea for studying the vibration reduction of amorphous alloy core reactors.

Key words： Reactor topology optimization electromagnetic vibration finite element method (FEM)

收稿日期: 2022-12-20

PACS:

TM47

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（51977147, 52007102, 52207012）和省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室（河北工业大学）开放课题基金（EERI_KF2021015）资助项目

通讯作者: 陈龙男,1989年生,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为磁性材料磁特性模拟、全局优化设计。E-mail: chenlong@ctgu.edu.cn

作者简介: 贲彤女,1991年生,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电工理论及新技术。E-mail: bentong@ctgu.edu.cn

引用本文:

贲彤, 方敏, 陈龙, 张平, 张献. 非晶合金铁心电抗器减振结构的电磁-机械耦合拓扑优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(24): 6553-6564. Ben Tong, Fang Min, Chen Long, Zhang Ping, Zhang Xian. Optimization of Magnetic-Mechanical Coupling Topology for Vibration Damping Structures of Amorphous Alloy Core Reactor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(24): 6553-6564.

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