面向多元负荷和优质供电的虚拟增容配电变压器：概念、应用与展望

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231498

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摘要

随着海量分布式新能源、柔性负荷、储能接入配电网,配电变压器在增强配电网多元负荷适应性及供电质量等方面将面临更严峻的挑战。为系统地梳理现有配电变压器在技术性、经济性等方面的优劣和异同,该文总结了其拓扑结构、关键技术、应用场景及局限性。在考虑储能技术规模化应用的基础上,以现有配电变压器配合储能为硬件基础,提出对现有配电变压器进行“虚拟增容”的新概念——虚拟增容配电变压器,以探索传统配电变压器与储能元件信息物理融合的新模式、新场景。该文对虚拟增容配电变压器的概念进行了定义,并阐述了其拓扑结构与功能架构,进而探讨了虚拟增容配电变压器的应用场景与关键实现技术,以期为我国智能配电变压器的发展与研究提供新思路。

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关键词 ：虚拟增容, 配电变压器, 储能, 智能配电网

Abstract：

Incorporating distributed renewable energy sources, flexible nonlinear loads, and power electronic devices into distribution networks has led to an increasingly complex grid structure, accompanied by a multi-tiered growth trend in electricity demand levels. Traditional distribution grids face challenges such as transformer capacity-load ratio imbalance, declining power quality, and insufficient transmission capacity. As the "heart" of the distribution grid, distribution transformers face increasingly formidable challenges in enhancing the adaptability to diverse loads and ensuring power quality. Simultaneously, the scalable application of energy storage technology and the trend toward intelligent grids provided opportunities for upgrading distribution transformers. Therefore, the paper proposed a new concept: the "virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformer". This concept involves merging energy storage and distribution transformers to enhance the reliability and controllability of distribution grids.
Firstly, for a systematically review of the advantages and disadvantages, similarities and differences of existing distribution transformers in terms of technology and economy, this paper extensively examined distribution transformers targeting diverse loads and ensuring high-quality power supply. The former includes loaded-capacity/voltage control distribution transformers and the self-adaptive distribution transformer. The latter encompasses distribution transformers integrated with reactive power compensation (filtering), hybrid distribution transformers, and power electronic distribution transformers. Each of the mentioned distribution transformers has its own suitable scenarios, advantages, and disadvantages, yet all of them are passive devices, unable to meet the demands of distributed renewable energy integration and bidirectional power regulation within distribution networks.
Therefore, the paper proposed using existing distribution transformers as a hardware foundation, upgrading them into active components by integrating them with energy storage systems (ESS). It is worth noting that this is a non-exclusive exploratory attempt. This fusion empowers distribution transformers to expand power distribution capabilities through energy storage, facilitating emergency support and smoothing new energy output. The paper delved into the topology, functional architecture, application scenarios, and key implementation technologies of this integration.
Compared to traditional distribution transformers, the proposed virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers have practical significance in scenarios such as delaying traditional equipment upgrades, integrated control, enhancing renewable energy integration, and providing diverse auxiliary services. Among them, diversified auxiliary services include the following four types: assisting the main grid in frequency and peak regulation, balancing loads to optimize the distribution of tidal flows, buffering emergency faults, and serving as backup emergency power sources. To facilitate a systematic technical study at the system level, this paper also summarized three key implementation technologies in terms of model construction, control strategies, and collaborative planning. These include building a multi-time scale state-space model, implementing proactive prevention and emergency control strategies for enhanced resilience, and employing life balance technology based on the full lifecycle model of internal components.
In conclusion, virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers aim to achieve deep integration and collaborative optimization of energy storage technology and distribution transformers. They align with the evolving outlook of future intelligent grids, tapping into the potential of existing distribution transformers in reliable power supply, security assurance, regional interconnection, load regulation, power source control, dynamic capacity expansion, and efficient utilization of aging equipment. Research on the planning, operation, and control of virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers is of guiding significance. It can accelerate the construction of flexible distribution grids adaptable to rapid renewable energy development, promote energy storage deployment and demand response, foster digital transformation and intelligent control, and facilitate dynamic capacity expansion and efficient utilization of existing equipment.

Key words： Virtual capacity-enhancement distribution transformers energy storage smart distribution network

收稿日期: 2023-09-11

PACS:

TM421

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金面上项目资助（52077017）

通讯作者: 王强钢, 男,1987年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电力系统自动化和电能质量。E-mail：qianggang1987@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郭莹霏, 女,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统优化运行和电能质量。E-mail：guoyingfei@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郭莹霏, 池源, 王强钢, 周念成, 罗永捷, 叶佳. 面向多元负荷和优质供电的虚拟增容配电变压器：概念、应用与展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(21): 6666-6686. Guo Yingfei, Chi Yuan, Wang Qianggang, Zhou Niancheng, Luo Yongjie, Ye Jia. Virtual Capacity-Enhanced Distribution Transformer for Diverse Loads and Quality Power Supply: Concepts, Applications, and Prospects. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6666-6686.

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