电工技术学报  2024, Vol. 39 Issue (3): 658-671    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221976
电力系统与综合能源 |
计及SOC自恢复的混合储能平抑风电功率波动控制
林莉1, 林雨露1, 谭惠丹1, 贾源琦1,2, 孔宪宇1, 曹雅裴1
1.重庆大学雪峰山能源装备安全国家野外科学观测研究站 重庆 400044;
2.国网重庆市电力公司市南供电分公司 重庆 400060
Hybrid Energy Storage Control with SOC Self-Recovery to Smooth Out Wind Power Fluctuations
Lin Li1, Lin Yulu1, Tan Huidan1, Jia Yuanqi1,2, Kong Xianyu1, Cao Yapei1
1. Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China;
2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company Shinan Power Supply Branch Chongqing 400060 China
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摘要 混合储能系统能够较好地应对复杂的风电波动,有效地提高电网的稳定性和安全性。在混合储能平抑风电功率波动的典型应用场景下,该文首先提出一种计及荷电状态（SOC）自恢复的混合储能平抑风电功率波动控制方法,在满足风电平抑需求的情况下,通过模型预测控制快速调节储能在平抑功率过程中的荷电状态,提高储能持续稳定运行能力;然后,为提高混合储能系统协调运行能力,设计了加权滑动平均（WMA）-模糊控制策略对超级电容和蓄电池功率进行动态分配;最后,结合实际风电功率数据,通过仿真验证了所提策略能有效平衡储能寿命和平抑风电波动的矛盾,能充分考虑两种储能设备的特性差异并提高功率分配的合理性。
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林莉
林雨露
谭惠丹
贾源琦
孔宪宇
曹雅裴
关键词 ： 风电功率波动,  混合储能,  模型预测控制,  加权滑动平均,  模糊控制    
Abstract：The increase in penetration of new energy sources such as wind power poses a huge threat to the security and stability of the power grid operation. This paper used a hybrid energy storage system with a battery and supercapacitor to cope with the complex fluctuations of wind power. To achieve the smoothing of grid-connected power fluctuations while reducing the lifetime losses of the storage system, this paper proposed a hybrid energy storage control method taking into account the state of charge (SOC) self-recovery to smooth out wind power fluctuations, including model predictive control (MPC) to predict the target power of hybrid storages and weighted moving average (WMA) method with fuzzy control to allocate target power.
This paper first established the MPC optimization target function combining SOC recovery for energy storage systems and grid-connected power fluctuation smoothing capability. To characterize the relationship between the SOC and the charge and discharge margin of the energy storage system, a charge and discharge saturation capacity function was proposed. This function was also introduced as a weighting factor into the MPC optimization target function, achieving rapid adjustment of the SOC during power smoothing and improving the long-term stable operation capability of energy storage. An improved WMA method was then proposed to distribute the MPC-predicted target power between supercapacitor and battery power. Considering the small capacity of supercapacitor which is easy to overcharge and over-discharge, the SOC of the supercapacitor at the previous moment and the change of SOC of future hybrid energy storage were taken as fuzzy control inputs. According to the different operating conditions, the fuzzy control rules were designed to dynamically adjust the WMA sliding window length d and the α weighted of past and future reference values, thus improving the adaptability of the battery and supercapacitor to different target power and different SOC.
A wind-storage joint model was developed in Matlab, and the simulation compared the control effects of three methods of optimization targets. Method 1 is SOC closed to 0.5 at real-time. Method 2 is minimizing the fluctuation rates of grid-connected power. Method 3 is the optimization method for this paper. The simulation results show that the fluctuation rates of grid-connected power are less than 2% by method 3, in which 43.4% of the fluctuation rates are below 0.2%, and the average fluctuation rate is 0.61%, which is between the other two methods. The total charge and discharge energy of the hybrid energy storage is 28.93, which is much lower than the 47.67 of method 2. The average charge and discharge margin of 0.948 6 is close to 0.978 7 for method 1, but much higher than 0.591 4 for method 2. For different initial SOC, the SOC can gradually recover to around 0.5 and eventually follow the change of the control group with the initial value of SOC=0.5. Simulations were then carried out to verify the power allocation strategy with improved WMA-fuzzy control. The results show that the power variation of the battery is relatively gentle compared to that of the supercapacitor, and only varies greatly in the time of 240 min to 480 min and 720 min to 960 min when the power demand is high.
The simulation analysis leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, the proposed model predictive control for the target power of hybrid energy storage can effectively smooth out wind power fluctuations, and also effectively optimize the operation interval of SOC and reduce the lifetime loss of energy storage. Secondly, the designed allocation strategy adaptively adjusts the distribution of energy storage power according to the power demand. This strategy reduces the depth of discharge and the charge-to-discharge transition state of the battery at low levels of power output, thus reducing the loss of life. In contrast, increasing the battery output when the power demand is high. It reduces the pressure on the supercapacitor and improves the rationality of the power distribution.
Key words： Wind power fluctuations    hybrid energy storage    model predictive control    weighted moving average    fuzzy control   
收稿日期: 2022-10-18     
PACS: TM614  
通讯作者: 林 莉 女,1974年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：linli@cqu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 林雨露 女,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为微电网与储能协调运行与控制。E-mail：yulu_lyl@163.com
引用本文:   
林莉, 林雨露, 谭惠丹, 贾源琦, 孔宪宇, 曹雅裴. 计及SOC自恢复的混合储能平抑风电功率波动控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(3): 658-671. Lin Li, Lin Yulu, Tan Huidan, Jia Yuanqi, Kong Xianyu, Cao Yapei. Hybrid Energy Storage Control with SOC Self-Recovery to Smooth Out Wind Power Fluctuations. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(3): 658-671.
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