聚丙烯基薄膜储能的影响机制及优化策略研究进展

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230391

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摘要

双向拉伸聚丙烯（BOPP）薄膜因其具有良好的绝缘、损耗低、金属化后具有自愈性能等特性而被广泛应用于薄膜电容器。目前BOPP薄膜电容器也面临单位体积内储能密度低、高温性能差等问题,无法满足设备集约化、小型化的发展趋势,亟须开展聚丙烯基薄膜储能密度提升研究。该文首先介绍了影响介质储能特性的极化与击穿机制,为改性方案的开发提供了必要理论依据。其次,仔细探讨了现有工业生产工艺所引发的多种不利因素与关键挑战,为改性方案与生产实际相结合寻找到介入点;深入挖掘了现有调控手段,如基体调控、结构设计优化以及表面修饰等,分析了无机与有机组分掺杂、“三明治”结构、功能层沉积与接枝等方案的优势和不足,并归纳了诸如量子尺寸效应调控等新颖方法。最后,从工业生产角度提出了高效率、低成本的改性方法并探讨了相应的机制,并对未来研究重点进行了总结与展望。

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关键词 ： BOPP薄膜, 储能密度, 材料改性, 击穿, 自愈

Abstract：

With the development of power equipment to miniaturization and densification, higher requirements are put forward for the performance indicators of film capacitors such as energy storage, dielectric properties, temperature resistance and lifetime. It also brings many new opportunities and challenges. The breakdown and polarization characteristics, defects, self-healing properties, and regulation methods of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films and their composite films are the momentous factors affecting their energy storage density. The related research progress of BOPP films is summarized as follows:
Firstly, the breakdown in the films depends on the charge transport under the action of electric field and high temperature. Due to the existence of conductive and dielectric loss of the films, the heat accumulation has a significant effect on the breakdown process of the films. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid introducing unnecessary polarization factors or limiting adverse polarization factors. The final evaluation criteria of energy storage effect and breakdown field strength are experimental verification. To save material costs, machine learning and phase-field simulation have played an increasingly important role in functional screening and performance prediction in recent years. However, the factors such as holes, space charge, complex electric field, and incomplete crystallization significantly affect the boundary conditions of the simulation models. These factors lead to discrepancies between machine learning based on phase-field simulation and experiment that need to be addressed in the future.
Secondly, biaxially oriented process is an important part for polypropylene from substrate to thin film. As the thickness of the film decreases, the introduction of defects is inevitable. The unique self-healing properties of metallized polypropylene films are the key to ensure the lifetime of capacitors. The large-scale application of modified technology is how to make up for defects and give consideration to self-healing performance. The advantage of surface modification is that it can be directly processed on commercial films and can be used as a link without having to significantly adjust the film production line. For example, in addition to the advantages of fast processing speed, atmospheric pressure plasma modification technology can also replace corona treatment by grafting specific long chains or depositing and bonding inorganic coatings.
Finally, the upper limit of the energy storage density of the film is closely related to the breakdown field strength and dielectric constant. Appropriate doping ratio and fast processing time are the key to improve performance and reduce cost. The modification methods should take into account the compatibility of organic-inorganic interface, bonding force, mechanical strength, and thickness. When organic doping or interfacial modification is involved, treatment efficiency and by-products need to be focused. The traditional doping is effective in improving the energy storage density of composite films. Due to the mechanical problems, the inorganic doping is difficult to apply to the biaxially oriented process. In-situ inorganic doping can be used to produce thinner films than traditional doping. When the size of inorganic filler is small enough, the composite films involve quantum effect regulation. The corresponding structure-activity relationship also needs to be further explored. The all-organic modification strategies can retain the mechanical properties of the composite film, and some have been used in large-scale industrial production. Although organic modification strategies have significant advantages in improving the high temperature and high mechanical properties of polypropylene, the cost and self-healing properties need to be further considered. Carbon content should be controlled reasonably when selecting high temperature resistant organic compounds for modified polypropylene.
To sum up, high efficiency and low cost modification methods and corresponding mechanisms are summarized from the perspective of industrial production.

Key words： BOPP film energy storage density material modification breakdown self-healing

收稿日期: 2023-03-31

PACS:

TM215

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金智能电网联合基金项目（U2166215）

通讯作者: 邵涛男,1977年生,博士,研究员,研究方向为高电压绝缘技术、脉冲功率技术和放电等离子体应用等。E-mail：st@mail.iee.ac.cn

作者简介: 张传升男,1992年生,博士,工程师,研究方向为高压放电、等离子体应用和低温绝缘技术。E-mail：zhangchs@mail.iee.ac.cn

引用本文:

张传升, 章程, 任成燕, 黄邦斗, 邢照亮, 邵涛. 聚丙烯基薄膜储能的影响机制及优化策略研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(7): 2193-2213. Zhang Chuansheng, Zhang Cheng, Ren Chengyan, Huang Bangdou, Xing Zhaoliang, Shao Tao. Research Progress on Influence Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies for Energy Storage in Polypropylene-Based Films. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(7): 2193-2213.

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