电工技术学报  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (17): 4474-4486    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211110
高电压与放电 |
热-力联合老化对硅橡胶交联网络及力学和耐电特性的影响
周远翔1,2, 张征辉1, 张云霄2, 朱小倩2, 黄猛3
1.新疆大学电气工程学院电力系统及大型发电设备安全控制和仿真国家重点实验室风光储分室 乌鲁木齐 830047;
2.清华大学电机系电力系统及发电设备安全控制和仿真国家重点实验室 北京 100084;
3.新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学) 北京 102206
The Effect of Combined Thermal-Mechanical Aging on the Cross-Linking Network and Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Silicone Rubber
Zhou Yuanxiang1,2, Zhang Zhenghui1, Zhang Yunxiao2, Zhu Xiaoqiqan2, Huang Meng3
1. The Wind Solar Storage Division of State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment School of Electrical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi 830047 China;
2. State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
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摘要 为了探究热-机械应力共同作用对电缆附件硅橡胶绝缘性能的影响,该文设计并开展了硅橡胶的热-力联合老化试验,对比分析了老化前后硅橡胶的力学性能、电气性能和微观结构。结果表明:随着老化程度的加剧,试样拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降,硬度增加;老化后试样的击穿强度整体上呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在老化时间一定的情况下,击穿强度随着拉伸应力的增大而减小,相对介电常数逐渐增加。结合交联密度和红外光谱测试结果分析认为,在老化前期,硅橡胶主链间发生氧化交联反应,自由体积和载流子迁移率减小,击穿强度增加;老化后期,交联体系结构和分子链被破坏,自由体积和载流子迁移率增大,击穿强度下降。在机械应力耦合作用下,卷曲的分子链沿着机械应力方向被拉伸,且处于拉伸状态的分子链在高温作用下更容易发生断裂,造成材料绝缘性能的进一步劣化,为电缆附件硅橡胶老化状态评估提供了一定的理论依据。
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周远翔
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黄猛
关键词 硅橡胶热-力联合老化力学性能击穿特性介电性能    
Abstract:This study aims to explore the effect of the combined thermal-mechanical stress on the insulation performance of the silicone rubber in cable accessories. Specifically, a combined thermal-mechanical aging test of the silicone rubber was designed and conducted; the mechanical properties, electrical properties, and microstructure of silicone rubber before and after thermal aging were compared and analyzed. As aging increases, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the specimen decreases and the hardness increases, respectively. The breakdown strength of the sample first increases and then decreases after thermal aging. Under certain aging time, the breakdown strength decreases with the increasing tensile stress while the relative dielectric constant gradually increases. The test results of cross-linking density and infrared spectroscopy suggest that at the early aging stage, the oxidative cross-linking reaction occurs between the main chains of the silicone rubber, leading to the decreased free volume and carrier mobility and increased breakdown strength; at the later aging stage, the cross-linked system structure and the molecular chain is destroyed, causing the increased free volume and carrier mobility and decreased breakdown strength. Under the action of mechanical stress coupling, the curled molecular chain is stretched along the direction of mechanical stress, and the stretched molecular chain is more likely to break at high temperatures. As a result, the insulation performance of the material further deteriorates. These results lay a theoretical foundation for the assessment of the aging state of silicone rubber for cable accessories.
Key wordsSilicone rubber    combined thermal-mechanical aging    mechanical properties    breakdown characteristics    dielectric properties   
收稿日期: 2021-07-20     
PACS: TM215  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51907101,51977186)和新能源电力系统国家重点实验室开放课题(LAPS20006)资助项目
通讯作者: 周远翔 男,1966年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:zhou-yx@tsinghua.edu.cn   
作者简介: 张征辉 男,1996年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:zhangzhh1010@163.com
引用本文:   
周远翔, 张征辉, 张云霄, 朱小倩, 黄猛. 热-力联合老化对硅橡胶交联网络及力学和耐电特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(17): 4474-4486. Zhou Yuanxiang, Zhang Zhenghui, Zhang Yunxiao, Zhu Xiaoqiqan, Huang Meng. The Effect of Combined Thermal-Mechanical Aging on the Cross-Linking Network and Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Silicone Rubber. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(17): 4474-4486.
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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211110          https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2022/V37/I17/4474