TiO<sub>2</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>与蒙脱土纳米材料协同提升聚丙烯薄膜绝缘性能研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240552

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摘要

为提高聚丙烯（PP）薄膜的绝缘性能,该文制备了一种多维度结合的纳米填料,通过烧结方法,使球形纳米颗粒（TiO₂@SiO₂）与片状蒙脱土（MMT）结合。在聚丙烯中掺杂不同质量分数的该纳米颗粒,研究了聚丙烯薄膜的击穿性能,确定最佳填充比例,并分析其性能提高机理。实验结果表明,二维MMT引入了新的界面,提高了PP薄膜的熔融温度和结晶度,使晶体结构更加完善;TiO₂@SiO₂纳米颗粒引入了更多陷阱,改善了二维MMT的分散性,提高了PP薄膜的介电性能。击穿结果表明,掺杂该纳米填料的PP薄膜绝缘性能显著提高,在1.0%填充比例下的绝缘性能最佳。在25℃下,复合薄膜（PP/MMT@T@S）的直流击穿强度提升34.5%;在50℃和75℃下,分别提升33.51%和31.96%。该文采用相场模拟方法解释了两种维度材料在微观层面的相互作用机理,TiO₂@SiO₂的修饰使原本概率阻挡的MMT变为定向阻挡,该文研究可为提升复合材料绝缘性能提供新的思路。

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关键词 ：聚丙烯薄膜, 纳米复合材料, 烧结, 击穿强度, 相场模拟

Abstract：

Polypropylene (PP) exhibits excellent insulation properties and recyclability, making it a valuable material for promoting the green transformation of power grids. Polypropylene film possesses high dielectric strength and superior heat resistance, making it a widely utilized component in dry film capacitors. These capacitors are primarily employed in ultra-high voltage DC transmission systems, where they provide essential functions such as damping, voltage support, and commutation assistance. The performance of dry film capacitors is largely dependent on the insulation quality of the polypropylene film. During operation, these capacitors must endure transient overvoltages and harmonics. A breakdown in the internal polypropylene film can lead to the failure of the entire capacitor group, compromising power stability. Therefore, enhancing the insulation performance of polypropylene film is critical for ensuring the reliable operation of ultra-high voltage transmission systems.
Physical doping involves the incorporation of nanoparticles into a matrix to produce composite dielectric materials. Common nanofillers are categorized based on their dimensions, typically including zero-dimensional particles and two-dimensional sheet structures. Zero-dimensional particles generally possess a high dielectric constant. When these particles are used as dopants, they enhance the electric field distribution within the matrix, thereby increasing the breakdown strength. However, the considerable dielectric constant difference at the nanoparticle interface can induce interface distortion, which limits the improvement in breakdown strength. In contrast, two-dimensional sheet structures have a large surface area that can impede the development of breakdown paths within the matrix. This blocking effect is most effective when the sheets are densely distributed, as they form a network that effectively obstructs breakdown paths. Nonetheless, high-density distribution also facilitates carrier mobility, which can adversely affect the increase in breakdown strength. Therefore, zero-dimensional nanofillers and two-dimensional nanofillers possess complementary advantages and disadvantages. Currently, there is limited research on how to effectively combine the advantages of these two types of nanofillers.
This study combines zero-dimensional TiO₂@SiO₂ and two-dimensional montmorillonite (MMT) through sintering to create a multidimensional nanofiller. Experimental results demonstrate that two-dimensional MMT introduces additional interfaces, leading to an increase in the melting temperature and crystallinity of the polypropylene (PP) film. The incorporation of TiO₂@SiO₂ nanoparticles creates more traps, thereby improving the dispersion of the two-dimensional MMT and enhancing the dielectric properties of the PP film. Furthermore, the SiO₂ shell mitigates the extent of electric field distortion. Breakdown testing results indicate that at a 1.0% filler ratio, the insulation performance is optimal. Specifically, at 25℃, the breakdown strength of the PP film increased by 34.5%, while at 50℃ and 75℃, the breakdown strength increased by 33.51% and 31.96%, respectively. To elucidate the microscopic interaction mechanisms of the two-dimensional nanoparticles, phase field simulation was employed. The variable η(r, t) represents the evolution of the matrix, where η(r, t) = 1 corresponds to the breakdown phase, η(r, t) = 0 denotes the non-breakdown phase, and values of η(r, t) between 0 and 1 represent the transition region. Simulation results indicate that doping with two-dimensional MMT probabilistically inhibits the development of breakdown paths. When the matrix is filled with a combination of two-dimensional MMT and TiO₂@SiO₂ nanoparticles, TiO₂@SiO₂ attracts the growth of electric trees. This shifts the blocking mechanism from probabilistic to directional, making it more difficult for the polypropylene film to undergo complete breakdown, thereby enhancing its breakdown strength.

Key words： Polypropylene films nanocomposite material sintering breakdown strength phase field simulation

收稿日期: 2024-04-08

PACS:

TM855

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2021YFB2401502）

通讯作者: 谢庆男,1979年生,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail：xq_ncepu@126.com

作者简介: 谢军男,1988年生,副教授,研究方向为输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法。E-mail：junxie@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

谢军, 刘麒, 李霖, 刘子谦, 谢庆. TiO₂@SiO₂与蒙脱土纳米材料协同提升聚丙烯薄膜绝缘性能研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2492933-2492933. Xie Jun, Liu Qi, Li Lin, Liu Ziqian, Xie Qing. TiO₂@SiO₂ Research on Synergistically Improving the Insulation Performance of Polypropylene Film with Montmorillonite Nanomaterials. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2492933-2492933.

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