核电多相无刷励磁系统中旋转整流器不同开路故障模式的特征分析及诊断

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221408

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摘要对于核电站频繁发生的多相旋转整流器开路故障,实际现场不仅需要可靠诊断,还需要对故障模式进行准确区分。利用故障在励磁机定子励磁电流中反映的特征来诊断无法被直接测量到的旋转整流器故障是一种有效的途径,但是以往研究均仅关注故障励磁电流的频域特征,能识别故障的发生而无法进一步对故障模式进行分类。为此,该文对旋转整流器一管开路、一相开路以及不同位置的两相开路故障后励磁电流时域、频域及频谱分布特征进行研究。首先,对某11相环形无刷励磁系统的运行特性进行理论分析,基于二极管导通顺序及故障二极管在电机运行周期中所处的位置,对故障励磁电流时域特征进行分析;其次,基于故障对励磁电流的影响机理,对励磁电流故障分量进行解析,得到了旋转二极管不同模式故障下的频域及频谱分布特征,并通过某11相动模样机实验验证了理论分析的正确性;最后,结合励磁电流时域、频域以及频谱分布三者特征,提出了二极管不同模式故障的诊断方法。样机实验表明,该文提出的诊断方法能实现所有故障模式的区分,可为一般多相环形无刷励磁系统旋转整流系统故障的保护提供依据。

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	郝亮亮
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关键词 ：多相环形无刷励磁机, 整流器故障, 励磁电流, 时域, 频域, 频谱分布

Abstract：The excitation system with a multi-phase annular brushless exciter (MPABE) is widely used in large-capacity nuclear power plants. However, the rectifier open-circuit fault caused by diodes or fuses damage often occurs in field operation. The fault types can be classified as one-tube open-circuit fault, one-phase open-circuit fault, and two-phase open-circuit fault. The actual site needs to reliably diagnose the open-circuit fault occurrence of multi-phase rotating rectifiers and accurately distinguish the fault modes. Since the field winding of the exciter is located at the stator and the rectifier rotates with the rotor at high speed, the rectifier fault cannot be monitored directly. Therefore, it is an effective way to diagnose the rotating rectifier fault using the excitation current characteristics. Hence, this paper analyzes the rectifier fault mechanism and proposes a new rectifier open-circuit fault diagnosis method based on the time-frequency characteristics of the fault excitation current.
Firstly, the operation mechanism of an 11-phase annular brushless excitation system is analyzed theoretically. Based on the diode conduction sequence and the position of the fault diode in the motor operation period, the time-domain waveform of the fault excitation current is analyzed. Secondly, based on the influence mechanism of the fault diode on excitation current, the fault component of excitation current is analyzed, and the frequency-domain characteristics and spectrum distribution of one-tube open-circuit, one-phase open-circuit and two-phase open-circuit of the rotating diode are obtained. The experiments were carried out on a particular 11-phase exciter prototype. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the prototype experimental results. Finally, based on the combination of time-domain, frequency-domain, and spectrum distribution characteristics of exciter stator excitation current, a new fault diagnosis method of rotating rectifier open-circuit fault in MPABE is proposed for the rectifier one-tube open-circuit fault, one-phase open-circuit fault and two-phase open-circuit fault. The prototype experiment shows that this method can reliably identify all diode open-circuit faults of different modes.
Frequency-domain characteristics indicate the occurrence of a fault. The frequency-domain characteristics of excitation current after rectifier one-phase open-circuit fault and two-phase open-circuit fault are the same, and the harmonic quantity of two-phase fault is not always greater than that of one-phase fault. However, there is a more significant difference between two-phase fault and one-phase fault in time-domain characteristics and spectrum distribution characteristics of excitation current. Therefore, this paper combines the time-domain characteristics with the frequency-domain characteristics to diagnose different faults of the rectifier. The frequency-domain characteristics activate the protection and identify the rectifier’s one-tube open-circuit fault and one-phase open-circuit fault. Then the time-domain and spectrum distribution characteristics are used to distinguish the rectifier’s two-phase open-circuit faults at different locations.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis and experimental results: (1) After a one-tube open-circuit fault, one period excitation current waveform contains a distortion, the corresponding frequency-domain characteristics are all integer-order harmonic currents, and the distribution characteristics of RMS are decreasing in sequence. (2) After a one-phase open-circuit fault, there are two distortions in the excitation current waveform of one period, the corresponding frequency-domain characteristics are even-order harmonic currents, and the distribution characteristic of RMS decreases in sequence. (3) After a two-phase open-circuit fault, one period of excitation current contains two or four distortions. The frequency domain is even-order harmonic currents. Regarding distribution characteristics, the 1^st and 3^rd phase open-circuit faults are mainly 2^nd and 6^th harmonic current, and the 1^st and 5^th phase open-circuit faults are mainly 4^th harmonic current. (4) The proposed diagnosis method can reliably distinguish diode open-circuit faults of all modes.

Key words： Multi-phase annular brushless exciter rectifier fault excitation current time-domain frequency-domain spectral distribution

收稿日期: 2022-07-22

PACS:

TM341

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2021YJS153, 2020JBM070）和中广核集团公司科技项目（3100077013）资助

通讯作者: 郝亮亮,男,1985年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统主设备故障分析及保护、直流输电控制与保护、励磁控制。E-mail: llhao@bjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈建林,男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为多相无刷励磁系统故障监测及其保护。E-mail: 20117018@bjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郝亮亮, 陈建林, 段贤稳, 何力, 陈俊. 核电多相无刷励磁系统中旋转整流器不同开路故障模式的特征分析及诊断[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(18): 4932-4946. Hao Liangliang, Chen Jianlin, Duan Xianwen, He Li, Chen Jun. Analysis and Diagnosis of Different Open-Circuit Fault Modes of Rotating Rectifier in Multi-Phase Brushless Excitation System at Nuclear Power Plant. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(18): 4932-4946.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221408 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2023/V38/I18/4932

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