配电网用气体间隙开关触发腔性能劣化进程及剩余寿命预测方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230663

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摘要

气体间隙开关重复触发动作致其触发腔机械、电气性能降低,在配电网快速控制与保护应用场景中的影响或将更加显著,亟须开展触发腔性能劣化及其寿命预测研究,为此搭建了气体间隙开关触发放电研究平台。结果表明,随着触发放电次数的累积,触发腔针电极处内径、喷口直径与内壁粗糙度均渐进增大,喷口内壁出现凹坑、凸起点,针电极处的烧蚀孔洞由“点—线—面”发展,引起气体开关触通过程中的等离子体喷射特性参数（喷射高度、喷射直径、喷射面积）渐进减小,触通时延、击穿时延均明显增大。在强绝缘、强电负性SF₆触发环境中,计及放电烧蚀分解产物的电负性效应,致其喷射等离子体发展过程受到明显抑制,显著制约了触发寿命。选取喷射高度为预测因子,建立基于长短期记忆神经网络（LSTM）的气体开关剩余触发寿命预测模型,模型预测值与试验值间的方均根误差、平均绝对百分比误差分别低至0.063、0.055,剩余触发寿命预测误差在10%以内。研究结果可为气体开关运行稳定性及寿命预测提供参考。

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关键词 ：气体间隙开关, 等离子体喷射, 重复触发放电, 烧蚀累积, 寿命预测, 配电网

Abstract：

The mechanical and electrical performance of gas gap switch’ trigger cavity inevitably decreases caused by repeated trigger discharge, causing a serious problem of trigger failure. In order to achieve stable trigger conduction of the gas gap switch, the study of the degradation process of the gas switch trigger performance under repeated trigger discharge was carried out based on the trigger lifetime research platform, the trigger conduction parameters strongly correlated with the deterioration process of the gas switch trigger cavity performance were obtained. Ultimately, a trigger lifetime prediction model of gas gap switch based on LSTM was established to predict the remaining trigger lifetime.
From the experimental results, it can be concluded:
(1) At the early stage of trigger lifetime, the plasma jet height is up to 10.1 mm, leading to the excellent trigger conduction performance of gas gap switch, with breakdown delay and contact delay as low as 68 μs and 77 μs. Under the effect of intense ablation along the surface arc current, the inner diameter at pin electrode and the nozzle diameter of trigger cavity increases gradually, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the trigger cavity nozzle decreases, leading to a decrease in the plasma jet characteristics parameters, weakening the distortion effect of the background electric field in the main gap, resulting in the increase of the breakdown delay Δt₁ and trigger delay Δt₂. Within 500~800 trigger discharge times, pre-breakdown effect occurs obviously during the trigger conduction process of gas gap switch, leading to the breakdown delay and trigger delay disperse notably with the fluctuation value up to 30 μs. At the end of trigger lifetime, the jet height is as low as 5.5 mm, which cannot meet the needs for stable trigger conduction of gas gap switch, causing the trigger failure of gas gap switch with a trigger lifetime of up to 1 200 times.
(2) Under repeated trigger discharge, the ablation holes appear on the inner wall of trigger cavity at pin electrode and develop from point and line to plane, the carbonization products on the inner wall of trigger cavity at nozzle accumulate to form the pits and bulges, suppressing the generation and accumulation process of plasma in the trigger cavity. Furthermore, after the accumulation effect of high temperature arc ablation, PTFE has undergone intense electrochemical reaction, and the decomposition products are mainly CF₄, C₂F₄, C₂F₆, C₃F₆ and other strong electronegative gases. In SF₆ trigger environment with a sealed cavity, taking into account the electronegative effect of decomposition products produced by discharge ablation, the development process of plasma jet is obviously inhibited and the trigger lifetime is restricted.
(3) Based on GRA and PCC, considering the correlation law between plasma jet characteristic parameters (jet height, jet diameter and jet area), trigger discharge delay (Δt₀, Δt₁, Δt₂) and the trigger performance degradation of gas gap switch, the plasma jet height is used as the predictor. Firstly, the gas switch trigger lifetime prediction model based on LSTM was established. Dropout technology is introduced to the model to avoid the over-fitting caused by model complexity. Secondly, the original trigger conduction characteristic parameters are divided into multiple subsequences by sliding time window, and the dependence between sequences is introduced, so as to better capture the characteristics and laws in the data sequence. Finally, the Dropout ratio, the number of hidden layer units, and the time step were optimized to decrease RMSE and MAPE between the model predicted value and the experimental value, ensuring the prediction accuracy of model. The remaining trigger lifetime prediction error is within 10%, which can well meet the requirements of gas switch trigger lifetime prediction.

Key words： Gas gap switch plasma jet repeated trigger discharge ablation accumulation lifetimes prediction distribution network

收稿日期: 2023-05-15

PACS:

TM470

基金资助:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金和国家自然科学基金（52107142）资助项目

通讯作者: 董冰冰男,1987年生,博士（后）,副研究员,研究方向为开关类设备及成套装置研制,复杂环境下输电线路外绝缘放电理论与试验研究。E-mail：bndong@126.com

作者简介: 陈子建男,1996年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为脉冲功率等离子体技术。E-mail：laochen163czj@163.com

引用本文:

董冰冰, 陈子建. 配电网用气体间隙开关触发腔性能劣化进程及剩余寿命预测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 239631-239631. Dong Bingbing, Chen Zijian. Performance Degradation and Remaining Trigger Lifetime Prediction of Gas Gap Switch’ Trigger Cavity for Distribution Network. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 239631-239631.

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