Fault Diagnosis Method of Motor Bearing Based on GAF-CapsNet
Zhang Hui1,2, Ge Baojun1, Han Bin2, Zhao Lina1
1. National Engineering Research Center of Large Electric Machines and Heat Transfer Technology Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin 150080 China; 2. College of Computer and Control Engineering Qiqihar University Qiqihar 161000 China
Abstract：In mechanical motor faults, up to 30 % of the damage is caused by bearing faults, which makes bearing fault diagnosis and maintenance more critical. Traditional intelligent fault diagnosis methods are challenging to achieve good results when dealing with big data because of their poor generalization ability of feature extraction. In recent years, due to the substantial increase in training resources and the rapid development of computing power, deep learning has gradually become a new player in intelligent fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a new GAF-CapsNet model to solve the problem that the relative position relationship cannot be fully extracted when one-dimensional mechanical vibration signals are input into the convolutional neural network. The Gramian Angular Field (GAF) encoding method converts the original data into images with conspicuous features. The Gramian Angular Summation Fields (GASF) and Gramian Angular Difference Fields (GADF) are used, respectively. Two groups of feature maps are input into the convolution layer of the small convolution kernel for information reading and feature extraction and then into the capsule network for deeper feature extraction and fault identification. Finally, ten capsules of the digital capsule layer correspond to different fault types. The Gram-angle field encodes the collected vibration signals, which can be quickly perspective to identify the temporal correlations in different time intervals and generate corresponding feature maps. The Capsule network is sensitive to the relative position of small-size images and has advantages in feature extraction. At the same time, considering the excellent feature extraction ability of the VGG network, a deep small-size convolutional layer is added based on the combination of the capsule network and the VGG network. The vibration images encoded by the Gram Angle field were input to the improved CapsNet network for training, and the GAF-CapsNet model was formed to diagnose bearing faults. Among the two methods of GAF coding, GADF coding performs better than GASF coding in a capsule network. Overall, the GAF encoding method retains relatively complete fault characteristics of the original vibration signal. Due to the influence of different sampling sizes on the accuracy, the experiment proves that the 128 sampling size is the best input size for improving the capsule network. The performance of the GAF-CapsNet model is tested on the rolling bearing data in the bearing fault database of Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). The results show that the GASF coding method has a poor effect compared with the GADF coding method. Gadfly-cabinet with a sound effect has 99.27 % accuracy, and GASF-CAPSNet with a poor effect has 98.83 %. Compared with other coding methods and convolutional neural networks, the performance of this model is generally higher than that of other models. The maximum difference was 1.64 %. Finally, the proposed model can accurately predict the fault location and severity in the confusion matrix experiment. Compared with one-dimensional convolution and other networks, the proposed model performs strongly in the anti-noise experiment. The model's accuracy can reach more than 65 % when the SNR is -4dB.
张辉, 戈宝军, 韩斌, 赵丽娜. 基于GAF-CapsNet的电机轴承故障诊断方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(10): 2675-2685.
Zhang Hui, Ge Baojun, Han Bin, Zhao Lina. Fault Diagnosis Method of Motor Bearing Based on GAF-CapsNet. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(10): 2675-2685.
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