等离子体重油加工技术研究进展

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近年来,世界轻质原油资源日益枯竭,重质原油所占比例越来越大,且原油劣质化趋势不断加剧,充分利用重油资源意义重大。在传统重油加工技术中,固定床技术最为成熟,但其易受原料性质、反应器压差、催化剂失活和运转周期的影响,发展受到限制。等离子体技术作为一种有效的分子活化手段,在重油加工中表现出巨大优势。本文总结近年来国内外采用等离子体技术加工重油的研究概况。详细介绍当前用于重油加工的放电形式及等离子体反应器结构,讨论不同反应条件对重油转化效率的影响规律,并对非平衡等离子体处理重油的反应机理进行总结。最后展望纳秒脉冲激励的等离子体技术用于重油加工的潜在优势。

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关键词 ：非平衡等离子体, 重油转化, 反应效率, 纳秒脉冲

Abstract：

In recent years, light crude oil resources are drying up in the world and the proportion of heavy oil has become much higher. Besides, the quality of crude oil has become heavier and poorer in quality. Thus, how to make full use of heavy oil resources is of great significance. As one of the mature heavy oil processing technologies, fixed bed technique suffers the problems of high reactor pressure, catalyst deactivation and short operation cycle. Plasma is an effective strategy for molecular activation, showing great advantages for heavy oil processing. In this paper, the researches on heavy oil using plasma technologies were reviewed. The different plasma sources and configurations used for heavy oil processing were summarized. The effects of different reaction conditions on heavy oil conversion efficiency were discussed. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms of non-equilibrium plasma for heavy oil conversion were summarized. Finally, the unique advantages of nanosecond pulse driven plasmas and their potential applications on heavy oil processing were prospected.

Key words： Non-equilibrium plasma, heavy oil conversion, reaction efficiency, nanosecond pulse

收稿日期: 2016-06-14 出版日期: 2017-01-03

PACS:

O539

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金中英人才基金（51561130156）、青年基金（51507169）和英国皇家学会牛顿高级学者基金（NA140303）资助项目

作者简介: 张凯男,1983年生,博士研究生,研究方向为气体放电应用技术。E-mail: zhangkai@mail.iee.ac.cn;邵涛男,1977年生,博士,研究员,研究方向为高电压技术、脉冲功率技术和放电等离子体应用等。E-mail: st@mail.iee.ac.cn（通信作者）

引用本文:

张凯, 王瑞雪, 韩伟, 张帅, 杨清河, 邵涛. 等离子体重油加工技术研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(24): 1-15. Zhang Kai, Wang Ruixue, Han Wei, Zhang Shuai, Yang Qinghe, Shao Tao. Progress of Heavy Oil Processing by Plasma Technology. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(24): 1-15.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2016/V31/I24/1

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