基于乙烯共聚的高压抗冲共聚聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料机械和电气性能的协同优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242097

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摘要聚丙烯（PP）因其优异的电、热性能而成为可回收聚合物介电材料研发的重点。抗冲共聚聚丙烯（IPC）具有较为优异的机械性能,是应用于高压PP电缆的理想绝缘材料。该文分析了不同乙烯含量IPC的微观结构、机械性能和电气性能,探讨了乙烯共聚含量对IPC内部组分相容性和电荷输运的影响机理。随着乙烯含量的增加,PP基体和橡胶相的相容性逐渐增强,其中IPC-2试样具有最高的断裂伸长率。同时,随着乙烯含量的增加,试样的击穿场强和体积电阻率均呈现先上升后降低的变化趋势,其中IPC-2试样具有最佳的电气性能,是机械和电气性能最佳的绝缘材料。在拉伸应变为10%时,IPC-2试样仍然具有最佳的绝缘性能。乙烯共聚主要通过改善PP基体和橡胶相的相容性,在PP基体中产生大量的晶区-无定形区界面,在提升抗冲性能的同时,引入大量深陷阱,降低载流子的迁移率,实现机械和电气性能的协同优化。该文可为高性能PP绝缘材料的开发提供参考。

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关键词 ：抗冲共聚聚丙烯, 高压电缆, 机械性能, 电气性能, 电荷传输

Abstract：Polypropylene (PP) has become one of the focus of research and development for recyclable polymer dielectric materials because of its excellent electrical and thermal properties. However, pure polypropylene has poor mechanical properties, including high elastic modulus and low-temperature brittleness, which significantly limits its application scenarios and makes it difficult to use directly as an insulation material for cables. Impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) has excellent mechanical properties and is an ideal insulation material for high voltage polypropylene cables. The ethylene content has an important effect on the performance of IPC, but there are no reports on the impact of IPC elastic modulus on comprehensive insulation performance, such as mechanical and electrical, and its mechanism.
This article characterizes the microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of IPC with different ethylene contents, and reveals the mechanism of the effect of ethylene copolymerization content on the internal component compatibility and charge transport of IPC. The results indicate that the rubber phase and PP matrix present a “sea island structure”. With the further increase in ethylene content, the rubber phase and PP matrix are interpenetrating in distribution, the crystallinity decreases significantly, the number of spherulites increases significantly, and the crystal size decreases significantly. With the increase in ethylene content, the compatibility between PP matrix and rubber phase gradually increases, and the IPC-2 sample has the highest elongation at break. Additionally, with the increase of ethylene content, the breakdown strength and volume resistivity show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Among them, IPC-2 sample has the best electrical properties. At a tensile strain of 10%, the IPC-2 sample still exhibits the best insulation performance.
The ethylene copolymerization mainly improves the compatibility between the PP matrix and the rubber phase, and generates a large number of crystalline-amorphous interfaces in the PP matrix, which improves the impact resistance while introducing a large number of deep traps and reduces the carrier mobility. Considering the mechanical and electrical properties of IPC with different modulus, IPC-2 sample is the optimal insulation material for high voltage cables. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of high- performance PP insulation materials.

Key words： Impact polypropylene copolymer high voltage cable mechanical properties electrical properties charge transport

收稿日期: 2024-11-24

PACS:

TM211

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52237001, 51921005）

通讯作者: 何金良男,1966年生,教授,博士生导师,IEEE Fellow,研究方向为输变电技术、电磁环境技术、纳米电介质材料、传感器及大数据应用等。E-mail: hejl@tsinghua.edu.cn

作者简介: 董新华男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为可回收聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料综合性能调控及构效关系分析。E-mail: dongxinhuacn@163.com

引用本文:

董新华, 王伟, 袁浩, 李琦, 何金良. 基于乙烯共聚的高压抗冲共聚聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料机械和电气性能的协同优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(23): 7763-7775. Dong Xinhua, Wang Wei, Yuan Hao, Li Qi, He Jinliang. Synergistic Optimization of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of High Voltage Impact Polypropylene Copolymer Cable Insulation Materials Based on Ethylene Copolymerization. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(23): 7763-7775.

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