Abstract：Electric vehicle wireless charging systems in size and position offset can lead to the degradation of the system transmission capability. The system's output power, transmission efficiency, and anti-migration ability under space-constraint conditions should be improved while considering the safety of electromagnetic radiation. This paper proposes a double-layer magnetic coupling structure of asymmetric D4 and D4Q coils to improve the coupling coefficient and anti-migration ability. Firstly, the basic magnetic coupling structure model of electric vehicles is defined, and the mutual inductance model of bilateral LCC resonance topology is established. Regarding the space constraint problem, the asymmetric D4 coil is designed to improve the anti-deviation ability. In order to make up for the decrease in coupling coefficient caused by the weakening of magnetic coupling at the middle gap of the magnetic coupling structure, the asymmetric D4 coil magnetic coupling structure is designed based on the D4 coil. Maxwell equations simulate different coil offsets, and the relationship between coupling coefficient and lateral offset, longitudinal offset distance, transmission vertical distance, and rotation Angle offset is analyzed. Four different magnetic coupling structures, namely asymmetric D4 magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end, symmetrical D4 coil magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end, asymmetric D4Q magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end, and rectangular symmetric magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end, are simulated and tested in different directions of migration, rotation, and multiple migrations. The test shows that the asymmetric D4Q double-layer coil can transmit radio energy within a 300 mm transverse offset, 400 mm longitudinal offset, 230 mm transmission distance, and 45° rotational offset. According to different magnetic coupling structures, a wireless charging experimental system platform is built. Transverse and longitudinal migration tests are carried out under a load resistance of 10 Ω and vertical transmission distance of 150 mm. The experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed asymmetric D4Q magnetic coupling structure. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The asymmetric D4Q double- layer coil at the receiving and sending end can transmit radio energy within the transverse offset of 300 mm, the longitudinal offset of 400 mm, the transmission distance of 230 mm and the rotational offset of 45°. (2) The asymmetric D4Q magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end is superior to the other three magnetic coupling mechanisms in maximum output power and transmission efficiency. (3) Compared with the symmetric D4 magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end, the maximum output power of the asymmetric D4Q magnetic coupling structure at the receiving and sending end is increased by about 37.7%, and the maximum transmission efficiency is increased by 11%.
徐先峰, 吴慧玲, 杨雄政, 卢勇, 李陇杰. 空间约束下电动汽车无线充电系统磁耦合结构优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
Xu Xianfeng, Wu Huiling, Yang Xiongzheng, Lu Yong, Li Longjie. Optimization of Magnetically Coupled Structure of Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles under Space Constraint. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(12): 3581-3588.
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2024, Vol. 39 
