Abstract：During the static wireless charging of electric vehicles, misalignment between the transmitting and the receiving structures is inevitable. Such misalignment may cause a rapid decrease in the coupling coefficient and transfer efficiency of the magnetic coupling structure. Therefore, a critical issue for the static wireless power transfer (WPT) system of the electric vehicle is to improve the coupling structure's misalignment tolerance with high stability of the pickup power of the receiving structure. A WPT system with high misalignment tolerance based on bipolar coupling magnetic-field control is proposed. A double-layer quadrature DD (DQDD) coil is used for the transmitting structure, and an overlapping DD (OLDD) coil is adopted for the receiving structure. The DQDD coil comprises two sets of DD coils decoupling each other in a double-layer quadrature layout. The quadrature layout enables the magnetic fluxes induced from two sets of DD coils to be in an orthogonal position in space. Meanwhile, the dominant magnetic flux between two sets of DD coils is close to zero.The OLDD coil of the receiving structure can be changed into the CP coil by controlling two switches, so that the magnetic field picked up by the OLDD can change from bipolarity to unipolarity. Firstly, an LCC-S circuit based on a dual inverter-single rectifier is constructed. To achieve decoupling for control, the two sets of DD coils in the transmitting structure are excited by the two channels of inverters separately to adjust the output voltage amplitude and phase of the two channels of inverters, respectively. The parameter configuration for the constant excitation current of the transmitting coil and output voltage are deduced. Secondly, the interaction between the characteristic parameters of the coupling structure and coupling coefficient is given when the transmitting structure and the receiving structure are entirely aligned. Accordingly, the size of the DQDD-OLDD coupling structure is optimized. Then, a magnetic-field control strategy is given to achieve the desired maximum coupling coefficient. By controlling the phase difference between the excitation current of the transmitting DQDD coil and the pickup polarity of the receiving OLDD coil, the high transfer efficiency of the WPT system is maintained when misalignment occurs. Combined with the magnetic-field control strategy, a pattern-matching monitoring method based on the position of the receiving structure is proposed. Thus, the excitation mode and the picking structure can match regardless of the random movement of the receiving structure, avoiding the frequent execution of the control program. Finally, an indicator, coupling coefficient attenuation ratio (CCAR), is defined to measure the anti-misalignment performance of the coupling structure. The proposed coupling structure has higher misalignment tolerance than the conventional circle pad and DD coupling structure. An experimental prototype was built, and the equivalent coupling coefficient was measured. The anti-misalignment performance of the DQDD-OLDD coupling structure in the XOY plane has been verified. In addition, the power converter circuit and the compensation circuit of the prototype at five positions were- measured, which verifies the system transfer characteristics of the dual inverter-single rectifier. The experimental results indicate that the output power is maintained at 1.8 kW in the 270 mm horizontal misalignment range, and the system efficiency is maintained above 88 %.
谢诗云, 杨奕, 李恋, 张路, 张小钦. 基于双极性耦合磁场调控的高抗偏移偏转无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(18): 4838-4852.
Xie Shiyun, Yang Yi, Li Lian, Zhang Lu, Zhang Xiaoqin. Wireless Power Transfer System with High Misalignment Tolerance Based on Bipolar Coupling Magnetic-Field Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(18): 4838-4852.
[1] 薛明, 杨庆新, 章鹏程, 等. 无线电能传输技术应用研究现状与关键问题[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(8): 1547-1568. Xue Ming, Yang Qingxin, Zhang Pengcheng, et al.Application status and key issues of wireless power transmission technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(8): 1547-1568. [2] 贾金亮, 闫晓强. 磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输特性研究动态[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(20): 4217-4231. Jia Jinliang, Yan Xiaoqiang.Research tends of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer characteristics[J]. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society, 2020, 35(20): 4217-4231. [3] 吴理豪, 张波. 电动汽车静态无线充电技术研究综述(上篇)[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(6): 1153-1165. Wu Lihao, Zhang Bo.Overview of static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles: part Ⅰ[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(6): 1153-1165. [4] 谢文燕, 陈为. 全方向无线电能传输技术研究进展[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(4): 202-215. Xie Wenyan, Chen Wei.Research progress of omni-directional wireless power transfer technology[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(4): 202-215. [5] 郁继栋, 曲小慧, 王国雨, 等. 基于极简三电容补偿的单级式无线电池充电器[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(14): 165-172. Yu Jidong, Qu Xiaohui, Wang Guoyu, et al.Single-stage inductive power transferred battery charger based on minimal three-capacitor compensation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(14): 165-172. [6] 吴理豪, 张波. 电动汽车静态无线充电技术研究综述(上篇)[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(6): 1153-1165. Wu Lihao, Zhang Bo.Overview of static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles: part Ⅰ[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(6): 1153-1165. [7] 孔令超, 李厚基, 潘搏, 等. 无线电能传输中的QDS线圈偏移特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(13): 3361-3371. Kong Lingchao, Li Houji, Pan Bo, et al.Research on quadruple D square coil with high misalignment tolerance for wireless power transfer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(13): 3361-3371. [8] Budhia M, Covic G, Boys J.A new IPT magnetic coupler for electric vehicle charging systems[C]//IECON 2010-36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Glendale, AZ, USA, 2010: 2487-2492. [9] Boys J T, Covic G A.The inductive power transfer story at the university of Auckland[J]. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 2015, 15(2): 6-27. [10] Budhia M, Boys J T, Covic G A, et al.Development of a single-sided flux magnetic coupler for electric vehicle IPT charging systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(1): 318-328. [11] Huang Zhicong, Wong S C, Tse C K.Design of a single-stage inductive-power-transfer converter for efficient EV battery charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017, 66(7): 5808-5821. [12] 任洁, 周坤卓, 李宏超, 等. 基于DDQ线圈的双耦合LCL拓扑IPT系统及其抗偏移方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(9): 2778-2787. Ren Jie, Zhou Kunzhuo, Li Hongchao, et al.Study of dual coupled LCL topology IPT system based on DDQ coils and its anti-misalignment method[J]. Pro-ceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(9): 2778-2787. [13] Zaheer A, Covic G A, Kacprzak D.A bipolar pad in a 10-kHz 300-W distributed IPT system for AGV applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(7): 3288-3301. [14] Kim S, Covic G A, Boys J T.Tripolar pad for inductive power transfer systems for EV charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(7): 5045-5057. [15] Hui S Y R, Ho W W C. A new generation of universal contactless battery charging platform for portable consumer electronic equipment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20(3): 620-627. [16] Zhong W X, Liu Xun, Hui S Y R. A novel single-layer winding array and receiver coil structure for contactless battery charging systems with free-positioning and localized charging features[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(9): 4136-4144. [17] Hou Jia, Chen Qianhong, Wong S C, et al.Analysis and control of series/series-parallel compensated resonant converter for contactless power transfer[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015, 3(1): 124-136. [18] Li Siqi, Li Weihan, Deng Junjun, et al.A double-sided LCC compensation network and its tuning method for wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transa-ctions on Vehicular Technology, 2015, 64(6): 2261-2273. [19] 王佩月, 左志平, 孙跃, 等. 基于双侧LCC的全双工无线电能传输能量信号并行传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(23): 4981-4991. Wang Peiyue, Zuo Zhiping, Sun Yue, et al.Full-duplex simultaneous wireless power and data transfer system based on double-sided LCC topology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(23): 4981-4991. [20] Wang Yijie, Wang Haoyu, Liang Tian, et al.Analysis and design of an LCC/S compensated resonant converter for inductively coupled power transfer[C]//2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), Harbin, China, 2017: 1-5. [21] Yang Junfeng, Zhang Xiaodong, Zhang Kaijian, et al.Design of LCC-S compensation topology and optimi-zation of misalignment tolerance for inductive power transfer[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 191309-191318. [22] 王懿杰, 陆凯兴, 姚友素, 等. 具有强抗偏移性能的电动汽车用无线电能传输系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(13): 3907-3917. Wang Yijie, Lu Kaixing, Yao Yousu, et al.An electric vehicle (EV)-oriented wireless power transfer system featuring high misalignment tolerance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(13): 3907-3917.
2023, Vol. 38 
