Research on Multi-Mode Modulation Strategy of Motor Drive System Based on Tri-State PWM in EV
Xia Yan1, Sun Lipeng2, Li Junwei1, Li Qiang2, Lu Haifeng3
1. School of Traffic and Vehicle Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 China; 2. Weichai Power Company Limited Weifang 261001 China; 3. Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
Abstract:Two-level inverters are widely used in variable frequency motor drive systems of electric vehicles. High-frequency PWM modulation technology can generate high-frequency and high amplitude common mode voltage in the inverter, which will endanger the normal operation of the motor. Especially at low speeds, using traditional fixed switching frequency asynchronous modulation PWM will result in high switching losses with low output power and inverter efficiency. Therefore, a multi-mode modulation strategy is proposed based on TSPWM (Tri-State PWM). By improving the TSPWM modulation algorithm and adopting a segmented variable carrier wave ratio modulation strategy, the inverter efficiency of the motor drive system is significantly improved, and the common mode voltage is reduced. Firstly, the TSPWM algorithm, which uses three switch states to synthesize the reference voltage in each PWM cycle, reduces the number of switching actions by one-third. Secondly, select the clamping phase according to the amplitude of the current, increase the overlap time between the maximum current and the inactivity of the switching device, and reduce the switching loss of the inverter. Thirdly, considering the system efficiency and current waveform quality, the carrier frequency is optimized at different speed ranges. Moreover, based on the calculation of carrier period angle, a phase angle compensation algorithm of the voltage vector is proposed to avoid the current shock when the modulation mode is switched. By accurately analyzing the impact of changing the modulation mode on the voltage vector angle, the compensation angle after switching is calculated and compensated to the reference space voltage angle, thus achieving smooth switching of different modes. The experimental results show that the common-mode voltage of TSPWM in a PWM period is one-third of that of SVPWM, whether the voltage vector is in a high or low modulation ratio region. Using the maximum current phase clamping technique, the clamping phase is precisely the phase with the maximum phase current, and the vertex position of the current amplitude is in the middle of the clamping region. The simulation results show that the angle compensation algorithm of the voltage vector can achieve a smooth transition of the angle of the voltage vector during the carrier frequency switching process. Through the experimental results of the multi-mode modulation strategy based on TSPWM at different switching frequencies, the current waveform oscillation without angle compensation is significant, and about 9% of torque ripple is detected during the modulation mode switching. The current waveform using angle compensation has no impact on the switching process, and the torque fluctuation collected by the system is less than 2%, which verifies the feasibility of the switching strategy based on angle compensation. Compared with the traditional SVPWM algorithm, the proposed multi-mode modulation algorithm based on TSPWM can increase the maximum efficiency of the inverter by about 10%, and the overall efficiency of the inverter can be improved by an average of 5%. The high-efficiency area, where the inverter efficiency is 95% or more, has increased by 40.1%. The following conclusions can be drawn through simulation and experiments. (1) Compared with the traditional SVPWM strategy, this paper optimizes the switching frequency at different speeds and adopts TSPWM to reduce the number of switching actions, significantly reducing the switching loss and improving the efficiency of the inverter. (2) The switching loss can be further reduced by dynamically changing the clamping mode according to the magnitude of the phase current. (3) The angle compensation algorithm of the voltage vector effectively overcomes the voltage phase hopping problem in the PWM modulation mode switching to realize the smooth transition. (4) The proposed algorithm can also reduce the peak-to-peak value of high-frequency common mode voltage in one PWM cycle. Therefore, it is suitable for small and medium-sized inverters with a 100 kW or less power output, represented by electric vehicle drive systems.
夏衍, 孙立鹏, 李军伟, 李强, 陆海峰. 基于三状态PWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(4): 1010-1021.
Xia Yan, Sun Lipeng, Li Junwei, Li Qiang, Lu Haifeng. Research on Multi-Mode Modulation Strategy of Motor Drive System Based on Tri-State PWM in EV. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(4): 1010-1021.
[1] 陈杰, 沈禹廷, 沈佳茜, 等. 三相VIENNA整流器的混合空间矢量脉宽调制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊2): 665-675. Chen Jie, Shen Yuting, Shen Jiaqian, et al.Hybrid space vector pulse width modulation strategy for three-phase VIENNA rectifier[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S2): 665-675. [2] 肖蕙蕙, 魏苏东, 郭强, 等. 优化开关序列的PWM整流器模型预测控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(14): 3665-3675, 3700. Xiao Huihui, Wei Sudong, Guo Qiang, et al.Model predictive control strategy for PWM rectifier with optimized switching sequence[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(14): 3665-3675, 3700. [3] 吕照瑞, 胡文彪. 电力有源滤波器的共模电压抑制方法研究[J]. 电气技术, 2015, 16(3): 30-33. Lü Zhaorui, Hu Wenbiao.Common-voltage reduction research for APF[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2015, 16(3): 30-33. [4] Guo Leilei, Zhang Xing, Yang Shuying, et al.A model predictive control-based common-mode voltage suppression strategy for voltage-source inverter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(10): 6115-6125. [5] 郭磊磊, 金楠, 李琰琰, 等. 电压源逆变器虚拟矢量模型预测共模电压抑制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(4): 839-849. Guo Leilei, Jin Nan, Li Yanyan, et al.Virtual vector based model predictive common-mode voltage redu- ction method for voltage source inverters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(4): 839-849. [6] 夏帅, 郑京港, 陈瑞成, 等. 低共模电压双三电平变换器中点电位主动控制调制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(24): 6388-6398. Xia Shuai, Zheng Jinggang, Chen Ruicheng, et al.Low common mode voltage strategy with active neutral point voltage control of dual three level converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(24): 6388-6398. [7] Lu Haifeng, Cheng Xiaomeng, Qu Wenlong, et al.A three-phase current reconstruction technique using single DC current sensor based on TSPWM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(3): 1542-1550. [8] 倪荣来, 李军伟, 陆海峰, 等. 基于TSPWM的车用交流感应电机控制器设计[J]. 微特电机, 2016, 44(10): 64-69. Ni Ronglai, Li Junwei, Lu Haifeng, et al.Design of AC induction motor controller for vehicle based on TSPWM[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 2016, 44(10): 64-69. [9] 倪荣来. 基于TSPWM的车用感应电机控制系统开发[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2017. [10] 谷杨心. 基于DSP的逆变器分段同步调制算法的研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2010, 47(6): 73-76. Gu Yangxin.Sub-synchrony modulation method study of inverter based on DSP[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2010, 47(6): 73-76. [11] Xiao Lifan, Li Jian, Chen Junhua, et al.Synchronous SVPWM for field-oriented control of PMSM using phase-lock loop[C]//2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati, OH, USA, 2017: 4324-4331. [12] 张文涛. 低开关频率下的矢量控制系统SVPWM同步调制策略[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2019. [13] 韩坤, 宋玉明, 余彬, 等. 牵引逆变器多模式分段同步调制算法FPGA程序设计与实现[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(20): 4314-4322. Han Kun, Song Yuming, Yu Bin, et al.Traction inverter multi-section synchronous SVPWM strategy FPGA program design and implementation[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(20): 4314-4322. [14] 康雪峰. 基于SHEPWM的交流调速系统多模式脉宽调制方法研究[D]. 大连: 大连交通大学, 2020. [15] Jing Tao, Maklakov A, Radionov A, et al.Research on hybrid SHEPWM based on different switching patterns[J]. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2019, 10(4): 1875. [16] 董志强, 王琛琛, 周明磊, 等. 基于SHEPWM的三电平三相逆变器中点电位主动平衡控制策略[J/OL]. 电工技术学报, 2023: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.19595/ j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222093. Dong Zhiqiang, Wang Chenchen, Zhou Minglei, et al. Active NP voltage balance control strategy for three- level three phase inverter under SHEPWM[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces. 222093. [17] 段宇航. 低开关频率下永磁同步电机驱动系统控制技术研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2021. [18] 王堃, 游小杰, 王琛琛, 等. 低开关频率下SHEPWM和SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(14): 333-341. Wang Kun, You Xiaojie, Wang Chenchen, et al.Research on the comparison of synchronized modu- lation of SHEPWM and SVPWM under low switching frequency[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(14): 333-341. [19] 苑国锋, 陈栋, 郑春雨. 电力机车牵引传动系统的多模式调制策略及切换方法研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2021, 25(1): 126-135. Yuan Guofeng, Chen Dong, Zheng Chunyu.Multi- mode modulation strategy and switching method of electric locomotive traction drive system[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2021, 25(1): 126-135. [20] Zhang Hang, Liu Weiguo, Chen Zhe, et al.Smooth transition of multimode synchronous modulation for IPMSM sensorless drives in rail-transit appli- cations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics, 2021, 68(1): 128-138. [21] Li Guibin, Zheng Zedong, Li Yongdong, et al.Multi- mode SHEPWM with low switch frequency for traction application[C]//2017 19th European Con- ference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'17 ECCE Europe), Warsaw, Poland, 2017: 1-8. [22] 余彬, 宋文胜, 赵雷廷, 等. 基于SHEPWM的多模式调制切换算法[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2020, 55(2): 450-458. Yu Bin, Song Wensheng, Zhao Leiting, et al.Switching scheme of multi-mode modulation based on selected harmonic elimination pulse width modu- lation[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2020, 55(2): 450-458. [23] 苑国锋, 沈阳. 基于开关时刻修正的多模式调制切换策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(5): 1171-1180. Yuan Guofeng, Shen Yang.Multi-mode modulation switching strategy based on switch time correction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(5): 1171-1180. [24] 胡亮, 付翔宇, 吕永灿, 等. 一种SiC牵引逆变器高频-低频混合型多模式PWM调制方法[J]. 控制与信息技术, 2022(3): 39-45. Hu Liang, Fu Xiangyu, Lü Yongcan, et al.A frequency hybrid multi-mode PWM modulation method for SiC traction inverter[J]. Control and Information Technology, 2022(3): 39-45. [25] Lu Haifeng, Qu Wenlong, Cheng Xiaomeng, et al.A novel PWM technique with two-phase modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2007, 22(6): 2403-2409. [26] Cheng Xiaomeng, Qu Wenlong, Lu Haifeng, et al.An improved two-phase PWM strategy for inverters in electric vehicle[C]//2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1-5. [27] 张兴, 汪天呈, 王付胜, 等. 一种具有共模电压抑制能力的改进型调制策略[J]. 电力电子技术, 2015, 49(8): 89-92. Zhang Xing, Wang Tiancheng, Wang Fusheng, et al.An improved reduced common-mode voltage pulse width modulation strategy[J]. Power Electronics, 2015, 49(8): 89-92.