Robust Predictive Voltage Control for Dual Active Bridge Converters Based on Runge-Kutta
Yin Zheng1, Deng Fujin1, Liu Hengmen2, Zhan Xin2, Huang Kun3
1. School of Electric al Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China; 2. Yangzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd Yangzhou 225000 China; 3. State Grid NARI Technology Company Ltd Nanjing 211106 China
Abstract：In recent years, the scale and application of DC microgrids have continuously expanded. Within DC microgrids, isolated bidirectional DC/DC power converters play a pivotal role, enabling not only energy exchange between energy storage systems and DC microgrids but also power flow management between DC microgrids and distribution networks through solid-state transformer integration. Among various topologies, the dual active bridge (DAB) converter stands out as one of the most promising configurations due to its inherent capability for automatic bidirectional power flow regulation and wide voltage conversion gain range. To ensure dynamic performance and voltage tracking accuracy of DAB converters while enhancing multi-objective control capabilities, model predictive voltage control (MPVC) has been widely adopted in DAB converter systems. However, the performance of MPVC critically relies on precise system modeling and parameter identification. Discrepancies between theoretical model parameters and actual system characteristics can degrade control effectiveness, increase electrical and thermal stresses on DAB converters, reduce system reliability, and potentially cause system failures under sustained error accumulation. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a robust predictive voltage control (RPVC) strategy based on the Runge-Kutta method for DAB converters. Firstly, the impact of leakage inductance and capacitance parameter deviations on output voltage performance under conventional MPVC is systematically analyzed. Subsequently, an ultra-local model of the DAB converter is established and dynamically updated in real-time through the integration of Runge-Kutta discretization and Lagrange interpolation, effectively replacing traditional predictive models. Then, adaptive phase-shift ratios are calculated through model updating. Finally, an optimal phase-shift ratio is determined and implemented via a value function-based optimization process. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed RPVC methodology, an experimental DAB converter prototype was developed for comparative analysis of voltage regulation performance under multiple operational conditions. Systematic evaluations were conducted among three control frameworks: conventional MPVC, traditional robust MPVC, and the proposed RPVC approach, with particular emphasis on steady-state precision and dynamic transient response. The control platform employed a TMS320C28346 DSP-based digital controller. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RPVC achieves comparable steady-state and dynamic performance to conventional MPVC and traditional robust MPVC methods under parameter-accurate conditions. Notably, under parameter mismatch scenarios, the RPVC maintains unaffected steady-state and dynamic characteristics, outperforming both conventional MPVC and traditional robust MPVC approaches. This parameter-independent performance ensures reliable system operation of DAB converters under practical implementation conditions. For subsequent investigations, the proposed methodology could be systematically expanded to multi-port active bridge (MAB) converter architectures, facilitating detailed exploration of load distribution characteristics and system-wide parametric robustness under dynamic operational scenarios. This extension would enable quantitative evaluation of the framework’s scalability and adaptability in complex multi-terminal energy networks.
尹政, 邓富金, 刘恒门, 詹昕, 黄堃. 基于龙格库塔的双有源全桥变换器鲁棒预测电压控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(23): 7608-7620.
Yin Zheng, Deng Fujin, Liu Hengmen, Zhan Xin, Huang Kun. Robust Predictive Voltage Control for Dual Active Bridge Converters Based on Runge-Kutta. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(23): 7608-7620.
[1] 马立红, 梁亚峰, 程西, 等. 计及构网型储能稳定拓展的微电网群优化运行[J]. 电力工程技术, 2024, 43(6): 214-222. Ma Lihong, Liang Yafeng, Cheng Xi, et al.Optimal operation of microgrids considering stabilized expansion of grid-forming energy storage[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2024, 43(6): 214-222. [2] 杨建, 刘笑, 董密, 等. 基于深度学习的恒功率负荷直流微电网稳定性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(15): 188-197. Yang Jian, Liu Xiao, Dong Mi, et al.Deep learning based stability analysis of DC microgrid with constant power loads[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(15): 188-197. [3] 孔惠文, 马静, 程鹏, 等. 基于子网优先级驱动的交直流混合微电网集群双向互联变流器分散式控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(9): 2667-2681. Kong Huiwen, Ma Jing, Cheng Peng, et al.Decentralized control strategy for hybrid microgrid cluster bidirectional interlinking converters based on sub-grid priority drive[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(9): 2667-2681. [4] 苗晓阳, 李冰然, 傅洪全. 适用于DFIG连接到直流微网的双变换器设计与实现[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(5): 170-181. Miao Xiaoyang, Li Bingran, Fu Hongquan.Design and implementation of dual-converter for connecting DFIG to DC microgrid[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(5): 170-181. [5] 李文辉, 杨世华, 龚邻骁, 等. 基于励磁电流补偿与混合移相调制的高频DAB变换器全范围ZVS运行策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(10): 4050-4062. Li Wenhui, Yang Shihua, Gong Linxiao, et al.A full range ZVS operation strategy for high-frequency DAB Converters based on magnetizing current compensa-tion and hybrid phase shift modulation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(10): 4050-4062. [6] 李嘉进, 马翔, 谢宇帆, 等. 输入串联输出并联型三电平双有源桥变换器功率与电压平衡控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(10): 3082-3092. Li Jiajin, Ma Xiang, Xie Yufan, et al.Power and voltage balance control strategy of series input parallel output type three-level dual active bridge converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(10): 3082-3092. [7] 高祎韩, 周子航, 张欣, 等. 双有源桥串联欠谐振变换器的最小回流电流控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(14): 4480-4494. Gao Yihan, Zhou Zihang, Zhang Xin, et al.Minimum backflow current control of under-resonant-dual-bridge-series-resonant converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(14): 4480-4494. [8] 尹政, 邓富金, 詹昕, 等. 双有源桥变换器无电流传感器调制模型预测控制[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2025, 29(1): 49-57. Yin Zheng, Deng Fujin, Zhan Xin, et al.Current-sensorless modulated model predictive control for dual-active-bridge converters[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2025, 29(1): 49-57. [9] 杨鸣, 汪小丰, 司马文霞, 等. 基于模型预测与复合占空比的双有源全桥变换器电压电流暂稳态调控方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(4): 1203-1220. Yang Ming, Wang Xiaofeng, Sima Wenxia, et al.Transient-and steady-state optimization of voltage and current for dual active bridge converters based on model predictive control and composite duty modulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(4): 1203-1220. [10] Deng Yaru, Song Wensheng, Yin Shuai, et al.A model predictive control scheme without current sensor of dual active bridge DC-DC converters: improving dynamic performance and reducing hardware cost[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2023, 9(2): 2916-2928. [11] 尹政, 胡存刚, 芮涛, 等. LC滤波型电压源逆变器无模型预测电压控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(14): 3723-3732. Yin Zheng, Hu Cungang, Rui Tao, et al.Model-free predictive voltage control strategy for LC-filtered voltage source inverter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(14): 3723-3732. [12] Chen Linglin, Shao Shuai, Xiao Qian, et al.Model predictive control for dual-active-bridge converters supplying pulsed power loads in naval DC micro-grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(2): 1957-1966. [13] Tarisciotti L, Chen Linglin, Shao Shuai, et al.Finite control set model predictive control for dual active bridge converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(2): 2155-2165. [14] Chen Linglin, Lin Lyuyi, Shao Shuai, et al.Moving discretized control set model-predictive control for dual-active bridge with the triple-phase shift[J]. IEEE Trans-actions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(8): 8624-8637. [15] 王攀攀, 徐泽涵, 王莉, 等. 基于三重移相的双有源桥DC-DC变换器效率与动态性能混合优化控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(18): 4720-4731. Wang Panpan, Xu Zehan, Wang Li, et al.A Hybrid Optimization control strategy of efficiency and dynamic performance of dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter based on triple-phase-shift[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(18): 4720-4731. [16] 尹政, 邓富金, 王青松, 等. 双有源桥变换器移动离散控制集无模型预测电压控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(6): 1853-1863. Yin Zheng, Deng Fujin, Wang Qingsong, et al.Model-free predictive voltage control with moving-discrete-control-set for dual active bridge converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(6): 1853-1863. [17] Zhang Hang, Li Yaohua, Li Zixin, et al.Extended-state-observer based model predictive control of a hybrid modular DC transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(2): 1561-1572. [18] Wu Yuheng, Mahmud M H, Zhao Yue, et al.Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based robust tracking control for dual-active-bridge converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2020, 6(4): 1791-1800. [19] Guo Zhiqiang, Luo Yong, Sun Kai.Parameter identi-fication of the series inductance in DAB converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(7): 7395-7399. [20] Li Xuming, Dong Zheng, Cao Yan, et al.Model-predictive control with parameter identification for multi-dual-active-bridge converters achieving accurate power balancing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(9): 10880-10894. [21] Zhu Yi, Yang Yong, Wen Huiqing, et al.Model predictive control with a novel parameter identification scheme for dual-active-bridge converters[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2023, 11(5): 4704-4713. [22] Fliess M, Join C.Model-free control[J]. International Journal of Control, 2013, 86(12): 2228-2252. [23] 刘兴, 阳辉, 王逸飞, 等. 基于拓展控制集的PMSM有限控制集无模型预测电流控制策略[J]. 电力工程技术, 2024, 43(5): 91-99. Liu Xing, Yang Hui, Wang Yifei, et al.Finite-control-set model-free predictive current control strategy based on extended control set of PMSM[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2024, 43(5): 91-99. [24] Yang Guanglu, Xiao Han, Sun Yifeng, et al.A model-free current prediction control with Runge-Kutta algorithm for grid-connected inverter[C]//IEEE Interna-tional Conference on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Jinan, China, 2021: 698-702.
2025, Vol. 40 
