基于火用经济分析的电氢能源系统区间鲁棒优化调度

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240619

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摘要

构建电力系统与氢能耦合发展的电氢能源系统是推动碳中和的可行路径。本文在计及新能源不确定性影响下,为实现系统经济与节能的均衡运行,提出了一种基于火用经济分析的电氢能源系统区间鲁棒优化调度模型。首先,考虑电解槽动态效率特性,并利用分段线性化处理此关系引入的非凸项,构建包含制氢功率分配的设备运行模型;其次,精细分析系统的火用损失分布,提出包含内和外两方面的火用损失成本核算模型,内部利用成本分摊方法核算设备运行火用损失成本,外部根据现行电价等政策核算输电线损和弃风惩罚成本;然后,构建最小总火用损失成本目标下的电氢能源系统优化调度模型,转为基于置信区间不确定集的鲁棒优化形式,并提出模型的对偶转化求解方法;最后,仿真算例表明所提模型在保障风电消纳能力的同时,可实现电氢耦合利用过程经济效益与火用损失的平衡,也有利于降低电解槽运行的寿命损耗。

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关键词 ：电氢能源系统, 火用经济分析, 火用损失成本, 置信区间, 鲁棒优化

Abstract：

Hydrogen, as a clean, efficient, and high-quality energy source, is recognized as a crucial solution for decarbonizing the energy system and mitigating climate change. The electricity and hydrogen energy system, which uses electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers, represents a key pathway for integrating power systems with hydrogen energy. It helps overcome the developmental limitations of renewable energy, fosters the interconnection and complementarity of multiple energy modes, and promotes deep integration across generation, grid, load, and storage. The electro-hydrogen coupling process, central to this system, can lower operating costs through peak shaving and valley filling. However, the efficiency of electrolyzers and fuel cell remain suboptimal, resulting in significant exergy losses alongside economic benefits during the coupling process. Striking a balance between economic viability and energy saving continues to be a challenging task. Moreover, the substantial forecasting errors caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy outputs can negatively impact the supply-demand balance and the operating conditions of electrolyzers. Therefore, the uncertainty risks associated with renewable energy must be thoroughly considered in optimal scheduling. In response to the above problems, a robust optimal scheduling model based on exergoeconomic analysis is proposed, with the uncertainty set defined by the confidence interval to reduce the conservatism of robust optimization.
Firstly, considering the dynamic efficiency characteristics of the electrolyzer, piecewise linearization was applied to handle the non-convex terms introduced by this relationship. The operation model of the electrolyzer including hydrogen production power allocation and operation models of fuel cell and energy storage equipment were constructed. Secondly, the energy quality coefficients were employed to analyze the exergy loss distribution based on the equipment operation model. A cost accounting method for exergy losses, including both internal and external factors, was proposed. Internally, the cost allocation method was used to price unit exergy losses, enabling the calculation of operational loss costs based on the distribution of exergy losses. Externally, the cost of transmission line losses and penalties of wind curtailment were calculated according to current electricity prices and relevant policies. Thirdly, taking into account constraints such as electrolyzer start-stop cycles, ramping power, and energy balance, an optimal scheduling model was developed with the goal of minimizing total exergy loss costs in the electricity and hydrogen energy system. Then, the model was reformulated into a robust optimization problem based on the uncertainty set of the confidence interval,and a dual transformation method for solving the model was proposed.
In the case simulation, four cases are set up for comparative analysis, leading to the following conclusions: (1) By setting the wind curtailment penalty coefficient appropriately, with the goal of minimizing exergy loss costs, a balance can be achieved between the economic benefits and the exergy losses associated with the electricity-hydrogen coupling process, while ensuring the efficient absorption of wind power. (2) The proposed model can further improve the overall hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer array by taking advantage of the flexibility of hydrogen production power allocation. (3) The confidence interval is used as the uncertainty set of robust optimization, which can take into account the probability characteristics of random variables, and reduce the conservative degree of system operation under the premise of ensuring robustness.

Key words： Electricity and hydrogen energy system exergoeconomic analysis exergy loss cost confidence interval robust optimizatio

收稿日期: 2024-04-22

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52307098）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2023MS099）资助项目

通讯作者: 赵雨泽, 男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向电力系统优化调度。E-mail：zyzeenc@163.com

作者简介: 李志伟, 男,1989年生,硕士生导师,研究方向电力系统优化调度。E-mail：zhiwei__li@126.com

引用本文:

李志伟, 赵雨泽, 吴培, 张浩, 赵书强. 基于火用经济分析的电氢能源系统区间鲁棒优化调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 619-2. Li Zhiwei, Zhao Yuze, Wu Pei, Zhang Hao, Zhao Shuqiang. Interval Robust Optimal Scheduling of Electricity and Hydrogen Energy System Based on Exergoeconomic Analysis. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 619-2.

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