考虑用户特征与意愿的电动汽车调节功率刻画及频率支撑策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240772

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摘要

电动汽车联网渗透率大幅提高后,可作为移动储能并网来提供辅助频率控制,针对电动汽车（EV）调频策略较少计及充电行为不确定性导致调频能力不准确的问题,提出了考虑用户特征与意愿的电动汽车调节功率边界刻画模型及频率支撑策略;首先,基于高斯混合分布方法对EV的用户行为模式、电池容量、充电和放电率等电动汽车相关的不确定性进行描述,并采用Logit模型对EV可调度意愿进行预测;其次,刻画了考虑用户特性和用户意愿的EV调节边界,通过改变EV功率波动上下限确定用户的调节方式,并提出一个保证用户荷电状态整体趋势呈现上升及考虑用户不确定性特征和用户可调度意愿的EV调频策略;最后,对构建的模型和提出的控制策略进行仿真分析,并基于SPSS对仿真结果中影响用户可调度意愿的各决策变量进行相关性分析,随后采用T检验对其进行显著性验证,验证了所提方法的可靠性。

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	杨德健
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关键词 ：电动汽车, 用户特征, 用户意愿, 调频, 功率边界

Abstract：

As electric vehicles (EVs) achieve higher penetration, their potential as mobile energy storage systems for auxiliary frequency control becomes increasingly evident. However, uncertainties in EV user behaviors, such as irregular charging patterns and diverse preferences, present challenges to fully utilizing their frequency regulation capabilities. This study proposes a power boundary description model and frequency support strategy for EVs, integrating user-specific characteristics and preferences to address these issues.
The research begins with a detailed analysis of uncertainties related to EV user behaviors, battery capacities, and charging/discharging rates. A Gaussian mixture distribution method is employed to model these uncertainties, capturing the probabilistic variability inherent in user behavior. To further refine the model, a Logit framework predicts the schedulability of EVs, accounting for user willingness to participate in grid services based on factors such as charging convenience and state-of-charge (SOC) preferences.
Building on this foundation, the study develops a dynamic EV regulation boundary model that reflects user preferences and behavior characteristics. By adjusting the upper and lower limits of power fluctuations, the model defines flexible boundaries tailored to individual user needs. This approach ensures an upward trend in users' SOC during participation in grid services, preventing excessive battery depletion and enhancing user satisfaction. The regulation strategy dynamically adjusts to user-defined constraints, enabling effective participation in grid frequency control while respecting user autonomy.
To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, simulations are conducted under various scenarios. The results demonstrate that the regulation strategy significantly improves frequency stability metrics. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach reduces maximum and minimum frequency deviations by 13.91% and 29.27%, respectively, and decreases the root mean square frequency deviation by up to 29.59%. The method also shortens the duration of extreme frequency deviations by 42.69%, showcasing its ability to enhance grid frequency stability while minimizing disruptions to user operations.
This study also examines the broader implications of integrating user-specific characteristics into EV frequency regulation. By ensuring a balance between grid stability and user satisfaction, the proposed strategy highlights the potential of EV fleets as flexible and reliable grid resources. The findings emphasize the role of EVs in supporting renewable energy integration, mitigating the challenges posed by the variability of wind and solar power. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive framework for characterizing EV power boundaries and developing frequency support strategies. By incorporating user behavior and preferences into the control process, the proposed method offers a practical solution to the challenges of large-scale EV integration. These results contribute to the advancement of smart grid technologies and provide valuable insights for policymakers and grid operators aiming to maximize the benefits of EV participation in modern power systems.

Key words： Electric vehicles frequency regulation user characteristics user willingness power boundary

收稿日期: 2024-05-14

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

吉林省科技厅一般项目资助（YDZJ202401566ZYTS）

通讯作者: 卢学炫, 男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电动汽车并网控制技术。 E-mail：kayee617@126.com

作者简介: 杨德健, 男,1990年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为风力发电机并网控制技术。E-mail：yangdejian@neepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

杨德健, 卢学炫, 王枭, 严干贵. 考虑用户特征与意愿的电动汽车调节功率刻画及频率支撑策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 773-3. Yang Dejian, Lu Xuexuan, Wang Xiao, Yan Gangui. Adjusting Power Characterization and Frequency Support Strategies for Electric Vehicles Considering Characteristics and Willingness. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 773-3.

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