接闪阳极参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222319

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摘要接闪材料遭受雷电直击损伤的数值分析中尚不清楚阴极-放电电弧-阳极结构下材料参数对损伤分析的影响。为此,该文以飞机常用金属和复合蒙皮材料为研究对象,基于热等离子体电弧的磁流体动力学理论,建立雷电电弧的电-磁-热-力多场分析及其与材料的耦合模型,研究不同材料参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响。结果表明,接闪阳极材料的电导率和热导率变化会改变电弧-材料界面的电流和能量分布及其耦合过程,影响各过程对材料致损的贡献。接闪材料表面的洛伦兹力、磁感应强度和电流密度随着电导率和热导率变化0.1~20倍时,其峰值最大可分别改变622.2%、172.5%和63.5%,峰值位置最大可分别变化-54.8%、59.4%和-53.1%。该文可为接闪材料的雷击损伤数值分析和耐受能力改进提供参考。

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	赵泽洋
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关键词 ：雷电, 电弧, 阳极参数, 数值模拟, 磁流体

Abstract：Lightning is a high-intensity electromagnetic pulse discharge phenomenon that occurs frequently in nature. Lightning arc discharges with the multi-source impacts from a combination of electrical-magnetic-thermal-force infliction can seriously damage materials, meanwhile the large amount of electric charge transfer also generates huge Joule heat inside the material, which will further increase the level of damage. Numerical simulation and prediction techniques for the damage results of skin materials to direct lightning strikes can provide a reference for the design of skin structures and the associated lightning protection.
Up to date, influence of the tested material parameters on the numerical analysis of the arc-material interactions has not been addressed in the regimes of direct lightning damage. To this end, taken the commonly used metal and composite skin materials for aircraft as the object of study, the numerical analysis is carried out based on the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) theory of thermal plasma arc and damage response of materials in a cathode-arc-anode domain. The multi-field analysis of a coupling of electric-magnetic-thermal-force equations is implemented to discuss the influence of the tested material parameters on the arc-material interactions, The numerical analysis equations mainly contain the conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy equations describing the arc fluid, and the coupling of Maxwell's equations describing the electromagnetic field distribution and the heat conduction equations describing the second type of boundary conditions. At the same time, coordinate transformation and solution of the above control equations are required to achieve the joint calculation of each equation. By simulating the lightning arc material damage test, the damage depth of 3003 aluminium alloy specimen under the action of long duration lightning current is calculated as 3.52 mm, and the test measurement value is 3.31 mm, with a relative error of 6.2%. The calculated temperature rise of the backing plate was 564.1 K and the measured value was 507.7 K, with a relative error of 11.1%. The calculated temperature rise of the specimen was greater than the measured result due to the influence of response time, light environment and other factors during the field test measurement. The test verified that the model built by the research has a certain accuracy, which can realize the simulation and analysis of the damage process of electric arc material.
By comparing the distribution of Lorentz force, magnetic induction intensity, and current density of the cathode-arc-anode structure with different material parameters, this work found that when the electrical and thermal conductivity of the anode material changes, the distribution of current and energy on the arc-material interface and their interfacial coupling process will change. Amplitude of the Lorentz force, magnetic induction strength and current density can alter 622.2%, 172.5%, 63.5%, respectively, with the electrical and thermal conductivity changing of 0.1 to 20 times. Meanwhile, their peak position on the surface of anode change -54.8%, 59.4%, -53.1%, respectively. The anisotropy of the composite material lead to the asymmetrical response of the heat transfer and current density in each direction during the arc action, which accounts for the nonlinear dependence of the arc-material interactions to the changing electrical and thermal conductivity, which exhibite more complex results compared to the situation of metallic materials.
This work report the existence of changing parameters in the arc modelization with tested material parameters and demonstrate how these material parameters affect the numerical results of the arc-material interactions. The conclusions draw attention to the modeling study of the complex arc-material interactions and help improve the accuracy in the numerical prediction of materials’ damage response to lightning strikes.

Key words： Lightning electric arc anode parameters numerical simulation magneto-hydrodynamic fluid

收稿日期: 2022-12-16

PACS:

TM863

基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51977129）和中国航天科技集团有限公司第八研究所产学研合作基金项目（USCAST2020-38）资助

通讯作者: 刘亚坤男,1992年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电效应和雷电防护。E-mail：liuyakunhv@163.com

作者简介: 赵泽洋男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为雷电效应与雷电防护。E-mail：zhaozyal@163.com

引用本文:

赵泽洋, 肖慈恩, 刘亚坤, 廖意, 谢敏骐. 接闪阳极参数对雷电弧材料损伤数值分析的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(5): 1486-1496. Zhao Zeyang, Xiao Cien, Liu Yakun, Liao Yi, Xie Minqi. Influence of Anode on Numerical Analysis of Arc-Material Interactions with Multi-Field Coupling in Lightning Damage. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(5): 1486-1496.

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