基于电磁辐射时延估计的串联光伏直流电弧故障定位方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220076

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摘要

串联直流电弧故障是光伏系统电气火灾的主要诱因,在系统运维中不仅需要识别电弧故障,更需要确定电弧故障的发生位置。针对光伏串联直流电弧故障定位问题,该文提出一种基于电弧电磁辐射信号广义互相关时延估计的故障定位方法。搭建光伏串联直流电弧故障定位试验平台,分析光伏串联直流电弧电磁辐射信号特性,其在电弧产生初期具有明显的脉冲变化特征,且电弧电磁辐射信号强度与电流变化率成正比。通过对比分析,选取性能较为均衡的Vivaldi天线进行电弧电磁辐射信号测量,其带宽为100 MHz~1 GHz。采用4根天线构成的Vivaldi天线阵列进行电弧故障定位,其天线分别位于棱长1 m的正三棱锥顶点。利用最大似然加权算法进行广义互相关时延估计的加权处理,减少信号噪声影响;同时用最小二乘法进行电弧电磁辐射信号互相关频谱峰值拟合,从而减小频谱计算中栅栏效应的影响。试验结果表明,所提方法的定位误差在15 %以内,为基于电弧电磁辐射的故障定位策略应用提供了依据。

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关键词 ：光伏系统, 串联直流电弧故障定位, Vivaldi宽带天线, 广义互相关时延估计

Abstract：

Series DC arc faults can cause severe electric fire hazards for photovoltaic (PV) systems due to no natural zero crossing in the arc current. Except for identifying an arc fault, locating the hidden trouble points is also a priority that needs to be addressed in preventive maintenance for PV systems. A fault location method based on generalized cross-correlation delay estimation using arc electromagnetic radiation signal was proposed to solve this issue. An experimental platform was built to investigate the arc features for the arc fault location, as shown in Fig.A1.

Fig.A1 Schematic diagram of experimental device circuit
The arc electromagnetic radiation signals are collected and analyzed in time and frequency domains. These signals demonstrate significant transient changes in amplitude during the early stage of an arc, which is proportional to the current changing rate. Accordingly, the Vivaldi antenna with relatively balanced antenna performance was selected to measure the arc electromagnetic radiation by performance comparison, which has a bandwidth of 100 MHz to 1 GHz. The time delay of the arc radiation varying as a function of the distance can be used for the arc fault location. Therefore, an antenna array of four Vivaldi antennas was applied for the arc fault location, as shown in Fig.A2. The antennas were deployed at the vertex of a regular triangular pyramid with a 1 m edge length.

Fig.A2 Measure the location of antenna and arc faults
The maximum likelihood weighting algorithm was used to reduce the influence of signal noise. At the same time, the least square method was used to fit the peak value of the cross-correlation spectrum of radiation signals to improve the accuracy of spectrum calculation.
Finally, experimental results show that the location error of the proposed method is within 15 %, as shown in Tab.A1. This paper provides a basis for applying the arc fault location strategy based on arc electromagnetic radiation.
Tab.A1 Actual value of fault arc location

Key words： Photovoltaic system series DC arc fault location Vivaldi broadband antenna generalized cross-correlation delay estimation

收稿日期: 2022-01-16

PACS:

TM501+.2

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977059）、河北省自然科学基金（E2020202204）和特种电机与高压电器教育部重点实验室（沈阳工业大学）开放基金（KFKT202003）资助项目

通讯作者: 邢云琪男,1986年生,教授,研究方向为输配电装备绝缘失效机制及可靠性提升技术。E-mail: yqxing@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 作者简介;王尧男,1981年生,教授,研究方向为电器智能化技术与电弧故障检测。E-mail: wangyao@hebut.edu.cn

引用本文:

王尧, 马桐桐, 赵宇初, 朱晨, 邢云琪. 基于电磁辐射时延估计的串联光伏直流电弧故障定位方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(8): 2233-2243. Wang Yao, Ma Tongtong, Zhao Yuchu, Zhu Chen, Xing Yunqi. Series DC Arc-Fault Location Method Based on Electromagnetic Radiation Delay Estimation for Photovoltaic Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(8): 2233-2243.

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