风力发电机叶片防除冰涂层（一）：制备及性能测试

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221777

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摘要

风力发电机叶片覆冰会对风电场安全运行造成严重威胁,使发电量遭受损失。超疏水涂层防除冰由于实施方便、成本较低,受到风电运行部门青睐,但由于涂层的耐磨、耐候性能差,防冰效果有限,制约了其在风力发电机叶片上的应用。该文提出了一种耐磨、耐候性能良好且具备导电能力的超疏水涂层制备方法,可实现“电加热+超疏水”协同作用,极大地提高了防除冰效果。制备的导电超疏水涂层静态接触角达到151°~162°,滚动角为4.3°~7.6°,电导率为0.5~12.5 S/m。耐磨性能测试表明,涂层耐磨性能满足复杂环境对超疏水涂层的要求;耐紫外老化、耐酸碱等耐候性能测试表明,涂层具有较好的耐候性能;对涂层进行覆冰粘结强度测试发现,其覆冰横向粘结强度小于38.4 kPa;从覆冰环境涂层耐久性测试发现,覆冰时长的增加和“覆冰-脱冰”循环会使涂层滚动角大幅上升,覆冰对涂层表面微观结构造成破坏,导致涂层超疏水性能下降。

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关键词 ：风力发电机叶片, 超疏水, 导电, 防覆冰, “覆冰-脱冰”循环试验

Abstract：

Ice coating on wind turbine blades poses a serious threat to the operation safety of wind farms, resulting in loss of power generation. The super hydrophobic coating is favored by the wind power operation department due to its convenient implementation and low cost, but its application in wind turbine blades is restricted due to its poor wear and weather resistance and limited anti icing effect. This paper proposed a preparation method of superhydrophobic coating with good wear and weather resistance and conductivity, which can realize the synergistic effect of "electric heating+superhydrophobic" and greatly improve the effect of anti icing and deicing.
Carbon nanotubes are oxidized and inorganic substances are added to make them have better dispersibility in anhydrous ethanol solution. Cetyltrimethoxysilane is used to modify nanoparticles with low surface energy. Fluorocarbon resin is the most primer. Electrothermal superhydrophobic coatings are prepared by precipitation method. The hydrophobic property, electrothermal property and durability of the prepared coating were tested, and the test results are as follows:
When the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes is 16.8%, it is because the content of carbon nanotubes increases and the dispersion is not uniform enough, and the static contact angle is 148°. When the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes is 13.2%, 9.3%, 9%, 7.7% and 7%, the static contact angle of the coating is 151°~162°, and the sliding angle is 4.3°~7.6°. The square resistance test results show that the conductivity of the coating is 0.5~12.5 S/m, and the conductivity of the coating decreases with the decrease of the content of carbon nanotubes in the coating. The wear resistance test shows that the wear amount of the coating is very small after 160 times of wear, the conductivity decreases from 0.50 S/m to 0.48 S/m, the value basically remains unchanged, the contact angle is stable at about 158°, and the sliding angle is smaller than 5°. After 120 h UV aging, the static contact angle of the coating basically remained unchanged, and the sliding angle slightly increased, but still smaller than 10°. The acid and alkali resistance test shows that the static contact angle of the coating samples dipped in the acid rain solution with pH=5 for 14 days decreases slowly and then tends to be stable, but still bigger than 150°, and the rolling angle rises slightly but smaller than 10°. The contact angle of the sample dipped in alkaline rain solution with pH=9 decreased by 5.2° after 14 days, and the rolling angle increased slightly as acid solution eroded, but no obvious regular change was smaller than 10°. After soaking in alkaline solution, the static contact angle of the coating decreases greatly, and the corrosion ability of alkaline solution to the coating is stronger.
The coating adhesion and durability under icing environment were tested. The icing bond strength test of the coating revealed that its icing lateral bond strength was less than 38.4 kPa. After 2 days of ice coating, the static contact angle of the coating is still bigger than 150°, but the sliding angle is bigger than 10°, and the superhydrophobic property is lost. After 3 days of icing, the static contact angle decreases from 150° to 101°, and the sliding angle is bigger than 90°. After 5 cycles of "icing - deicing", the static contact of the coating drops to 150.6°, and the sliding angle is still bigger than 90°. The main reason for the significant increase of the sliding angle of the coating is the destruction of the micro nano rough structure of the coating surface by ice coating.

Key words： Wind turbine blades superhydrophobic conductive anti-icing "icing-deicing"cycle test

收稿日期: 2022-09-19

PACS:

TM242

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977016）和重庆市科技局（cstc2021jscx-dxwtB0002）资助项目

通讯作者: 胡琴男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电网防冰减灾。E-mail：huqin@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 朱茂林男,1994年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为风力发电机电热超疏水涂层制备及性能。E-mail：1584118777@qq.com

引用本文:

胡琴, 朱茂林, 舒立春, 蒋兴良, 李超. 风力发电机叶片防除冰涂层（一）：制备及性能测试[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(24): 6839-6849. Hu Qin, Zhu Maolin, Shu Lichun, Jiang Xingliang, Li Chao. Anti-Icing Coatings for Wind Turbine Blades Part 1: Preparation and Performance Testing. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(24): 6839-6849.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221777 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2023/V38/I24/6839

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