风力发电机叶片防除冰涂层（二）：温升数值计算及防除冰性能

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221778

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摘要针对电热超疏水涂层覆冰过程中表现出的三类不同冰层形貌,该文建立了电加热融冰数值计算模型,并对仿真计算结果进行了相应的试验验证,验证结果与仿真结果基本一致,该模型能有效模拟融冰过程和温度分布。临界融冰功率的计算结果表明,电热超疏水涂层融冰所需功率大于非超疏水电热涂层,尤其在乳突状冰层出现后,融冰功率将大幅增加。电热超疏水涂层防冰试验结果表明,在雨凇覆冰环境中,超疏水性能单独作用时,叶片在覆冰前期能延缓覆冰;电热性能与超疏水性能共同作用时,叶片无覆冰形成。电热超疏水涂层用于风力发电机防覆冰具有较好的效果,但用于覆冰后的融冰时将需要更多的能量。

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关键词 ：风力发电机, 超疏水电热涂层, 防除冰, 数值模型, 人工试验

Abstract：According to the observation and statistics of the ice morphology on the surface of the electrothermal superhydrophobic coating, the coating shows three different types of ice morphology in the process of ice coating. The first ice type, the ice coating is scattered on the surface of the coating in blocks, mostly in the early stage of ice coating; The second ice type, the coating is almost covered by ice, forming a papillary ice layer, mostly in the middle of the ice coating; The third ice type, which is fully covered with corrugated ice, is similar to the non superhydrophobic coating ice type, and mostly occurs in the late stage of ice coating. Based on these three types of icing, a numerical calculation model of electric heating ice melting is established, including the calculation model of coating temperature rise and critical deicing power. The results of the simulation model are verified by experiments. The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results. The model can effectively simulate the ice melting process and temperature distribution of the electrothermal superhydrophobic coating. The anti icing and deicing tests of fan blades coated with electrothermal superhydrophobic coatings are carried out in this paper. The results of relevant simulation calculations and icing tests are as follows:
The calculation results of the critical deicing power show that: The increase of the ice thickness of the common electrothermal coating hinders the loss of the coating heat, and the critical deicing power decreases; For the first ice type of electrothermal superhydrophobic coating, the deicing power required for power supply heating is small; For ice type 2, due to the formation of its columnar ice type, the convective heat transfer area increases, the heat loss increases, and the critical ice melting power is large; The ice type 3 is similar to the ice coated type of ordinary coating, the ice thickness hinders the heat loss of the coating, and the required deicing power is roughly equivalent to that of ordinary electrothermal coating. The calculation results indicate that the power required for ice melting of electrothermal superhydrophobic coatings is greater than that of non superhydrophobic electrothermal coatings, especially after the emergence of papillary ice, the ice melting power will increase significantly.
The results of the anti-icing and deicing test of the electrothermal superhydrophobic coating show that: In the glaze icing environment, when the superhydrophobic performance acts alone, the blade can delay the ice coating in the early stage of the ice coating. Once the papillary ice coating appears on the windward side of the electrothermal superhydrophobic blade, the ice coating weight will increase significantly, and with the increase of the ice coating time, the ice coating severity will be greater than that of the ordinary blade surface; When electrothermal performance and superhydrophobic performance are combined, no ice coating is formed on the blade coating surface. The synergistic effect of electrothermal superhydrophobic coating has a good effect on anti-icing of wind turbine, but it will require more energy when used for ice melting after icing.

Key words： Wind turbine super-hydrophobic electric heating coating anti-icing numerical model manual test

收稿日期: 2022-09-19

PACS:

TM242

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（51977016）和重庆市科技局（cstc2021jscx-dxwtB0002）资助项目

通讯作者: 胡琴男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电网防冰减灾。E-mail：huqin@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 朱茂林男,1994年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为风力发电机电热超疏水涂层制备及性能。E-mail：1584118777@qq.com

引用本文:

胡琴, 朱茂林, 舒立春, 蒋兴良, 徐兴. 风力发电机叶片防除冰涂层（二）：温升数值计算及防除冰性能[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(1): 246-256. Hu Qin, Zhu Maolin, Shu Lichun, Jiang Xingliang, Xu Xing. Anti-Deicing Coatings for Wind Turbine Blades Part 2: Numerical Calculation of Temperature Rise and Anti-Deicing Performance. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(1): 246-256.

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