电动汽车用永磁电机的失磁空间分布特性及影响因素研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230533

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (2374 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

电动汽车用永磁电机普遍使用的高性能钕铁硼永磁材料在高温、强磁场等条件作用下易发生的不可逆失磁故障已成为该类电机高可靠性设计的主要瓶颈。针对电动汽车用永磁电机的失磁问题,本文利用永磁体虚拟分块方法,建立基于永磁体磁特性参数、工作温度、空间位置等变量的永磁体失磁分析模型;利用电磁场和温度场双向耦合的三维多物理场计算方法,研究了永磁电机失磁的空间分布特性及其影响因素。结果表明永磁电机失磁空间分布存在明显的不均匀性。永磁体失磁分布规律受其工作温度、退磁电流幅值与角度等因素影响。最后,通过一台115kW的永磁驱动电机样机的永磁体工作温度、转子表磁磁场分布、电机性能的测试,验证了分析方法和结论的准确性。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	崔刚
	熊斌
	黄康杰
	李振国
	阮琳

关键词 ：永磁电机, 钕铁硼永磁体, 局部失磁, 多物理场耦合, 失磁影响, 空间分布

Abstract：

High performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials commonly used in permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles are prone to irreversible demagnetization under high temperature and strong magnetic field. It has become the main bottleneck of high reliability design of permanent magnet drive motor. The cavity structure and cooling method of permanent magnet synchronous motor determine the spatial distribution differences of the working temperature of the permanent magnet. In order to study effective methods for preventing demagnetization faults in permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is necessary to accurately calculate the demagnetization spatial distribution characteristics of permanent magnets and understand their influencing factors.
To solve the local demagnetization problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor, this paper establishes a permanent magnet local demagnetization analysis model based on its magnetic characteristics parameters, working temperature, spatial position and other variables by using the permanent magnet virtual partitioning method. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of local demagnetization of permanent magnet synchronous motor are studied by using the three-dimensional and multi-physical field calculation method with two-way coupling of electromagnetic field and temperature field. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis method and results is verified by testing the permanent magnet operating temperature, the magnetic field distribution on the rotor and the motor performance of 115 kW-8poles permanent magnet synchronous motor prototype.
Simulation results show that, when the demagnetization current are 600A, 800A, and 900A, and the demagnetization current angle is 90°, the maximum demagnetization rate of the permanent magnet is 13.44%, 45.37%, and 62.13%, respectively. When the demagnetization current is 800A and the demagnetization current angles are 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 °, the maximum demagnetization rates of the permanent magnet are 1.7%, 19.49%, 34.79%, and 45.37%, respectively. The maximum difference in the spatial distribution of the working temperature of the permanent magnet reaches 36 ℃. After the demagnetization fault occurred, the value of the no-load back electromotive decreased from 175.2V to 110.16V. The torque value decreased from 146.15N.m to 115.6N.m. The experimental results show that the working temperature difference at different positions of the same permanent magnet reaches 23℃. The temperature difference at the same position of different permanent magnets in the same pole permanent magnet reaches 35℃. The maximum deviation between the simulation and actual measurement of the no-load back electromotive is 4.97%. The maximum deviation between the simulation and actual measurement of the output torque is 5.28%. There is little difference between simulation and actual measurement results, it proves that the research method proposed in this paper is accurate and effective.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis and test results :(1): The spatial distribution of demagnetization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is obviously uneven. (2): When the motor actually malfunctions, there may be a situation where the entire motor only experiences slight demagnetization, but the local position of the permanent magnet has already experienced severe demagnetization. (3): The distribution of demagnetization of permanent magnet is affected by the working temperature, the amplitude and angle of the demagnetizing current. (4):The no-load back electromotive force and output torque can be used to evaluate the impact of demagnetization faults on the no-load and load characteristics of the motor.

Key words： permanent magnet synchronous motor Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet local demagnetization multi-physical field coupling demagnetization effect space distribution

PACS:

TM302

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52177064、U22A20219）资助项目

通讯作者: 阮琳, 女,1976年生,博士,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为电气装备与电子信息设备高效热管理。E-mail：rosaline@mail.iee.ac.cn

作者简介: 崔刚, 男,1984年生,博士研究生,高级工程师,研究方向为永磁电机设计及故障诊断与分析。E-mail：cuigang@mail.iee.ac.cn; 熊斌 , 男,1979年生,博士,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为高功率密度电机设计及冷却技术。E-mail：xiongbin@mail.iee.ac.cn

引用本文:

崔刚, 熊斌, 黄康杰, 李振国, 阮琳. 电动汽车用永磁电机的失磁空间分布特性及影响因素研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9024-24. Cui Gang, Xiong Bin, Huang Kangjie, Li Zhenguo, Ruan Lin. Study on spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of demagnetization of permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9024-24.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230533 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/9024

[1] 何绍民, 杨欢, 王海兵, 等. 电动汽车功率控制单元软件数字化设计研究综述及展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(24): 5101-5114.
He Shaomin, Yang Huan, Wang Haibing, et al.Review and prospect of software digital design for electric vehicle power control unit[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(24): 5101-5114.
[2] 温传新, 王培欣, 花为. 电动汽车驱动系统的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 微电机, 2019, 52(10): 103-109.
Wen Chuanxin, Wang Peixin, Hua Wei.Driving technology of electric vehicles: current developments and future prospects[J]. Micromotors, 2019, 52(10): 103-109.
[3] 孙玉华, 赵文祥, 吉敬华, 等. 高转矩性能多相组永磁电机及其关键技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(6): 1403-1420.
Sun Yuhua, Zhao Wenxiang, Ji Jinghua, et al.Overview of multi-star multi-phase permanent magnet machines with high torque performance and its key technologies[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(6): 1403-1420.
[4] 曹恒佩, 艾萌萌, 王延波. 永磁辅助同步磁阻电机研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(18): 4575-4592.
Cao Hengpei, Ai Mengmeng, Wang Yanbo.Research status and development trend of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(18): 4575-4592.
[5] 林迎前, 孙毅, 王云冲, 等. 稀土和铁氧体混用永磁辅助同步磁阻电机[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(5): 1145-1157.
Lin Yingqian, Sun Yi, Wang Yunchong, et al.A hybrid PM-assisted SynRM with ferrite and rare-earth magnets[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(5): 1145-1157.
[6] You Yongmin, Yoon K Y.Multi-objective optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle considering demagnetization[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(5): 2159.
[7] Peng Peng, Zhang Julia, Li Wanfeng, et al.Time-dependent demagnetization of NdFeB magnets under DC and pulsed magnetic fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2020, 56(3): 1-10.
[8] 周头军, 胡贤君, 潘为茂, 等. 工业应用中钕铁硼磁体不可逆磁通损失的影响因素研究[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2019, 37(3): 339-343.
Zhou Toujun, Hu Xianjun, Pan Weimao, et al.Influencing factors on flux irreversible loss of Nd-Fe-B magnet application[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2019, 37(3): 339-343.
[9] 崔刚, 熊斌, 阮琳, 等. 驱动电机用高性能钕铁硼永磁材料不可逆失磁扩散特性研究[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2023, 41(4): 725-735.
Cui Gang, Xiong Bin, Ruan Lin, et al.Irreversible demagnetization and diffusion characteristics of high performance NdFeB permanent magnet for drive motor[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2023, 41(4): 725-735.
[10] 李伟力, 程鹏, 吴振兴, 等. 并网永磁同步发电机转子永磁体局部失磁特征量的计算与分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(33): 95-105, 12.
Li Weili, Cheng Peng, Wu Zhenxing, et al.Calculation and analysis on the permanent magnet partial demagnetization characteristics of the grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator rotor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(33): 95-105, 12.
[11] Kim H K, Hur J.Dynamic characteristic analysis of irreversible demagnetization in SPM- and IPM-type BLDC motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(2): 982-990.
[12] 唐旭, 王秀和, 李莹, 等. 异步起动永磁同步电动机起动过程中永磁体退磁研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(4): 961-970.
Tang Xu, Wang Xiuhe, Li Ying, et al.Demagnetization study for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor during starting process[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(4): 961-970.
[13] 唐旭, 王秀和, 李莹. 三相不对称供电异步起动永磁同步电动机的退磁研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(23): 6172-6178.
Tang Xu, Wang Xiuhe, Li Ying.Demagnetization study for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by three-phase unbalanced voltages[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(23): 6172-6178.
[14] Almandoz G, Gómez I, Ugalde G, et al.Study of demagnetization risk in PM machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55(4): 3490-3500.
[15] Zhang Yue, McLoone S, Cao Wenping. Electromagnetic loss modeling and demagnetization analysis for high speed permanent magnet machine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(3): 1-5.
[16] Kim B C, Lee J H, Kang D W.A study on the effect of eddy current loss and demagnetization characteristics of magnet division[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 30(4): 1-5.
[17] Guo Baocheng, Huang Yunkai, Peng Fei, et al.General analytical modeling for magnet demagnetization in surface mounted permanent magnet machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(8): 5830-5838.
[18] 徐敦煌, 王东, 林楠, 等. 失磁故障下交错磁极混合励磁发电机的等效二维解析磁场模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(21): 87-93.
Xu Dunhuang, Wang Dong, Lin Nan, et al.An equivalent two-dimensional analytical model for the consequent-pole hybrid-excitation generator with demagnetization fault[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(21): 87-93.
[19] 唐旭, 王秀和, 徐定旺. 异步起动永磁同步电动机起动过程中永磁体平均工作点的解析计算[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017, 21(5): 8-14.
Tang Xu, Wang Xiuhe, Xu Dingwang.Analytical calculation of permanent magnets' average operating point for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor during starting process[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017, 21(5): 8-14.
[20] 卢伟甫, 罗应立, 赵海森. 自起动永磁同步电机起动过程电枢反应退磁分析[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2012, 16(7): 29-33.
Lu Weifu, Luo Yingli, Zhao Haisen.Armature reaction demagnetization analysis for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor during start process[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2012, 16(7): 29-33.
[21] 上官璇峰, 周敬乐, 蒋思远. 双转子双鼠笼永磁感应电机起动过程中永磁体退磁研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2019, 23(12): 126-134.
Shangguan Xuanfeng, Zhou Jingle, Jiang Siyuan.Demagnetization of dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor with double squirrel cage during the starting process[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2019, 23(12): 126-134.
[22] 张志艳, 秦鹏, 徐金涛, 等. 永磁同步电动机失磁故障电磁参数分析[J]. 微特电机, 2018, 46(8): 31-34, 44.
Zhang Zhiyan, Qin Peng, Xu Jintao, et al.Electromagnetic parameters analysis of PMSM demagnetization[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 2018, 46(8): 31-34, 44.
[23] Nishiyama N, Uemura H, Honda Y.Highly demagnetization performance IPMSM under hot environments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55(1): 265-272.
[24] Lee K D, Kim W H, Jin C S, et al.Local demagnetisation analysis of a permanent magnet motor[J]. IET Electric Power Applications, 2015, 9(3): 280-286.
[25] Ruoho S, Haavisto M, Takala E, et al.Temperature dependence of resistivity of sintered rare-earth permanent-magnet materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(1): 15-20.
[26] 唐任远 (1931-). 现代永磁电机理论与设计[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2016.