变频电机匝间绝缘故障放电信号电磁辐射特性研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230477

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摘要

UHF检测法是变频电机绝缘诊断局部放电（Partial Discharge,PD）的重要方法,采集得到的PD信号电磁频谱与放电类型、传感器天线以及信号接收装置密切相关,然而,传统方法难以判定PD信号是绕组绝缘放电特征,还是绝缘绕组作为发射天线的辐射特性。本研究将聚酰亚胺单点交叉试样作为偶极子天线,利用高频电磁仿真软件计算天线谐振频率,分析不同长度、不同交叉角度下试样天线的辐射特性;然后利用宽频天线（0.5-2 GHz的阿基米德螺旋天线）搭建PD检测实验平台,研究试样天线长度、实验环境和方波脉冲电压参数对PD信号频域特性的影响。在此研究基础上,仿真分析扁线电机定子匝间绝缘局部放电的电磁辐射特性,依据IEC 60034-18-41标准对匝间绝缘和主绝缘施加相应的方波脉冲电压,利用宽频天线进行PD检测。结果表明,单点交叉试样天线的计算谐振频率F₁、仿真谐振频率F₂和PD信号频域F₃基本一致,且均随试样天线的增长往低频域移动;10 cm的单点交叉试样天线的仿真谐振频率为2.15 GHz,此试样下实验得到的PD频域信息缺失,时域幅值大幅下降。可以得出,电机匝间绝缘放电特性与被测试样作为发射天线的辐射特性相关。

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关键词 ：变频电机, 绝缘系统, 局部放电, 重复方波脉冲电压, UHF天线

Abstract：

Insulation degradation and flaws can be identified using the partial discharge (PD) test. Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) antenna sensors are commonly used for the detection of PD signals which are helpful to diagnose the insulation performance of inverter-fed motor. The electromagnetic signal generated by the PD contains a large amount of helpful information. The frequency content of the collected PD is closely related to the type of PD, the type of sensor antenna and the signal receiving device, but it is unclear whether the collected signal is the characteristic of the PD or the characteristic of the tested sample as the transmitting antenna. The turn-turn insulation sample of the motor and its simplified insulation sample (such as single-point cross-insulated sample) have the physical form of a typical dipole antenna. Theoretically, PD is a radiation source. The creation of PD is a normal electromagnetic radiation process, and the insulating sample can be utilized as a transmitting antenna for electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, this paper investigates the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of the turn-turn insulation sample as the transmitting antenna. Then, a PD detection platform for the turn-turn sample was built using a wide-band antenna (0.5-2 GHz Archimedes spirl antenna) to analyse the PD signals in the frequency spectrum.
First, the dipole antenna is modeled using a single point cross polyimide sample. Using high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software, the antenna resonance frequency is calculated, and the radiation characteristics of the test antenna under various lengths and cross-angles are simulated. Then, an experimental platform for PD detection of turn-turn insulation is built by using a repetitive impulse voltage source. Experimental research the impacts of insulation sample length, environment, and impulse voltage parameters on the frequency domain characteristics of PD signal.
The outcomes are as follows: firstly, as insulation sample length is increased, the resonant frequency of the sample antenna and the frequency domain of the PD signal shift to low frequency. The resonant frequency of the 10 cm sample antenna is 2.15 GHz, and the PD information discovered by the experiment with this insulation sample is substantially missing in the frequency domain and has a much reduced amplitude in the time domain. Second, the distribution of PD frequency domain is unaffected by the cross Angle of a single-point cross-insulated sample, changes in atmospheric pressure, changes in impulse voltage rise time, or changes in duty cycle. Finally, the turn-turn insulation sample from the flat wire motor exhibits multi-band characteristics as a transmitting antenna, and its effective working bandwidth completely covers the PD frequency domain distribution of the turn-turn insulation. Additionally, the properties of the sample antenna's multi-resonant band are unaffected by the change in the feed point. The PD frequency domain distribution produced by the turn-turn insulation of the same structure is consistent and is unaffected by changes in PD position.
According to the aforementioned findings, the PD characteristic of the turn-turn insulation is related to its radiation characteristic as a transmitting antenna. In other words, while partial discharge is happening, the insulating sample as a transmitting antenna is actively involved in radiating the electromagnetic wave signal.

Key words： Inverter-fed motors insulation system partial discharge repetitive square wave voltages ultra-high frequency antenna

PACS:

TM855

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977134）资助项目

通讯作者: 王鹏, 男,1982年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源、电力电子装备中的绝缘系统性能评估。E-mail：pwang@scu.edu.cn

作者简介: 马世金, 女,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向新能源汽车变频电机绝缘检测与故障诊断研究。E-mail：1246521309@qq.com

引用本文:

马世金, 王鹏, 朱英伟, 黄文冬. 变频电机匝间绝缘故障放电信号电磁辐射特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9023-23. Ma Shijin, Wang Peng, Zhu Yingwei, Huang Wendong. Electromagnetic Radiation Characteristics of PD in Inverter-fed Motor Turn-Turn Insulation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9023-23.

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