GIS局部放电检测天线本体和巴伦共面柔性小型化特高频天线传感器研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211588

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摘要

针对变电站气体绝缘组合电器（GIS）绝缘缺陷局部放电（PD）高灵敏监测需求,以及现有刚性基底特高频（UHF）天线传感器内置安装的复杂工艺和内置后存在破坏设备内部电场分布的风险问题,该文提出柔性特高频传感技术。设计了一款柔性UHF螺旋天线传感器,采用正弦波加载的方式以及提高天线本体间隙比的方式实现了天线本体小型化,同时巴伦与天线本体共面,大幅减小了天线整体体积,设计的柔性天线直径为150 mm,较未小型化径向距离缩小了25 %。仿真和网分实测结果表明：在610 MHz~3 GHz频带范围内,柔性天线在弯曲半径为0 mm、100 mm、200 mm时的电压驻波比（VSWR）≤3.5;在790 MHz~1.8 GHz频段内VSWR≤2。最后利用搭建GIS典型缺陷局部放电模拟试验平台对设计的柔性天线进行PD检测性能实测。结果表明,设计的柔性天线在不同弯曲程度下均能有效检测到PD信号,具有较高的信噪比。

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	张国治
	韩景琦
	刘健犇
	陈康
	张硕

关键词 ：气体绝缘组合电器, 局部放电, 特高频柔性天线, 小型化, 间隙比

Abstract：

In view of the high sensitive detection requirements of partial discharge detection for insulation defects of gas-insulated substation (GIS) in substation, the complicated process of built-in installation of the existing UHF antenna sensor with rigid base and the risk of damaging the internal electric field distribution of the equipment after built-in installation. This paper puts forward the research of flexible UHF sensing technology, combines the antenna body with the flexible material, and reduces the volume of the built-in rear antenna on the premise of ensuring the performance of the antenna to meet the requirements, so as to simplify the complex built-in process and the problem of damaging the electric field distribution. In this paper, a flexible UHF spiral antenna sensor is designed. The antenna body is miniaturized by means of sine wave loading and increasing the gap ratio of the antenna body. At the same time, Balun is co-planar with the antenna body, greatly reducing the overall volume of the antenna. The PD detection performance of the antenna was measured by building a GIS typical defect partial discharge simulation experiment platform. The results show that the flexible antenna can effectively detect PD signals under different bending degrees and has a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Firstly, the common Archimedes spiral antenna was combined with the flexible material PI to build the antenna simulation model, and the performance simulation of the unbent antenna and the antenna with different bending degrees was carried out. Through the simulation of antenna voltage standing wave ratio and direction diagram, it can be seen that antenna body bending has little influence on antenna performance. Then, the common Archimedes spiral antenna is loaded in the form of sine wave. In this way, the size of the antenna body can be effectively reduced. The size and diameter of the designed antenna is 150 mm, and the radial distance is reduced by 25 % compared with that without miniaturization. The antenna model can be bent arbitrarily to improve the complicated installation process of the built-in rigid antenna.
But the Archimedes spiral antenna needs impedance matching device Balun, the existence of Balun for the antenna's built-in brings great inconvenience. Therefore, this paper proposes to reduce the overall antenna impedance while greatly reducing the overall antenna volume by co-planar Balun with the antenna body. Through simulation, it can be seen that changing the antenna gap ratio can reduce the antenna VSWR, but there is a problem that the frequency band with VSWR less than 2 is less. Based on this, this paper combines the design idea of exponential gradient Balun, and uses the gradient gap ratio to make the antenna impedance change smoother. Finally, through simulation, it is determined that the gradual gap ratio can make the working frequency band move to the relatively low frequency. Because the UHF radiated by PD signal is mostly in the range of 300 MHz~1.5 GHz, the gradual gap ratio mode is finally determined for the physical antenna.
After the completion of the actual production, the vector network analyzer was used to test the bending standing wave ratio of the antenna. The measured performance was slightly different from the simulation, but the variation trend was basically the same. Through the comparison between the experimental platform and the mature antenna, it can be seen that the flexible antenna can obviously receive partial discharge signals, and PD signals can be detected under different bending degrees. The results show that the antenna can effectively monitor the discharge signal through the experiment of GIS simulation cavity tank.
In this paper, through the research of antenna body and Balun co-planar flexible miniaturized Archimedes antenna sensor, the influence of changing antenna gap ratio on antenna impedance was analyzed. At the same time, the antenna base was changed to PI flexible material, which provided a new idea for the built-in antenna, and the performance of the designed antenna was analyzed and verified through simulation and experiment. Experiments show that the antenna has excellent radiation performance and meets the detection requirements of the built-in antenna.

Key words： Gas-insulated substation (GIS) partial discharge (PD) UHF flexible antenna miniaturization ratio of metal width arm space (RMWAS)

收稿日期: 2021-10-01

PACS:	TM885
	TN823.31

基金资助:

电网环境保护国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（GYW51202101362）

通讯作者: 张国治男,1990年生,博士,研究方向为电气设备在线监测和状态评估等。E-mail: 980064212@qq.com

作者简介: 韩景琦男,2001年生,本科在读,研究方向为电气设备在线监测。E-mail: 1206038224@qq.com

引用本文:

张国治, 韩景琦, 刘健犇, 陈康, 张硕. GIS局部放电检测天线本体和巴伦共面柔性小型化特高频天线传感器研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(4): 1064-1075. Zhang Guozhi, Han Jingqi, Liu Jianben, Chen Kang, Zhang Shuo. Research on Gas Insulated Switchgear PD Detection Antenna Body and Balun Coplanar Flexible Miniaturized Ultra-High Frequency Antenna Sensor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(4): 1064-1075.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211588 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2023/V38/I4/1064

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