高温下电压稳定剂对交联聚乙烯电树枝化及局部放电特性的影响

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220472

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摘要为了研究高温环境下电压稳定剂对交联聚乙烯电树枝化及局部放电特性的影响,该文制备了含质量分数为1%的电压稳定剂的交联聚乙烯（XLPE）共混试样,通过设计的高温环境下电树枝实时观察与局部放电同步测量系统,研究不同试样在30℃、50℃和70℃下电树枝的引发、生长及其局部放电特性。结果表明,试样在高温下引发的电树枝呈现典型的枝状结构。随着温度的升高,试样起树电压降低,电树枝生长速度加快,分枝数量减少,局部放电量和放电重复率显著增大。电压稳定剂的添加对电树枝的引发、生长和局部放电有明显的抑制作用。利用陷阱理论和量子化学计算,研究发现电压稳定剂的加入使得试样内部陷阱能级降低,陷阱密度增加,因其特有的量子化学特性,高能电子缓冲能力增强,空间电荷积累减少,从而使得交联聚乙烯材料的耐电性能得到提升。

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关键词 ：交联聚乙烯, 电压稳定剂, 电树枝, 局部放电, 高温

Abstract：Rapid advancement of urbanization has put stringent demand on the use of power cable as it saves land resources and beautify the environment. At present, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is the main insulation material for the cables due to its excellent electrical and physicochemical properties. However, the high electrical field accelerates the electrical treeing, a dielectric ageing phenomenon which forms continuous charge channels in insulating materials, and hence threatens the long-term operation of insulating materials. In this work, the voltage stabilizer is added into the XLPE to extend the service life of the cable. The effect of the voltage stabilizer on inhibiting the electrical tree inception, growth and partial discharge in XLPE under high temperature is investigated.
The m-aminobenzoic acid is selected as the voltage stabilizer, and the blend powder is prepared by adding 1% of voltage stabilizer into pure XLPE through a solution-blending method, and then the needle-plate electrode sample is prepared by a hot-press method. The inception and growth characteristics of the tree with partial discharge characteristics for different samples at 30℃, 50℃ and 70℃ are analyzed by using the real-time observation and synchronous partial discharge measurement system. The results show that the electrical charge channels have typical dendritic structures in the samples at high temperature. Also, for both pure XPLE and the blend samples, the growth rate of electrical branches, partial discharges, and discharge repetition rate have significantly increased with the increase of the temperature. However, compared to the pure XLPE sample, the inception voltage of the blend samples decreased by 6.3%, 5.2% and 9.3% at 30℃, 50℃ and 70℃, respectively, and the number of electrical branches also decreased. Meanwhile, the addition of voltage stabilizer can obviously suppress the electrical tree inception, growth, and partial discharge. Based on the trap theory, the calculation results show that the voltage stabilizer reduces the trap energy level but increases the trap density. Thus, the high energy electron can be easily buffered but not trapped, which can reduce the collisions and hence prevents the molecular chain fracture. Also, the voltage stabilizer has both electron donor and electron acceptor functional groups. With its unique quantum chemical properties, it enhances the high energy electron buffer capacity and reduces the space charge accumulation, which improves the electric resistance of the XLPE material.
The voltage stabilizer shows a good ability on inhibiting the electrical tree and partial discharge of the XLPE insulation material. The results provide references for the application of voltage stabilizer in XLPE cable insulation material, which may help to prolong the service life of the XLPE.

Key words： Cross-linked polyethylene voltage stabilizer electrical tree partial discharges high temperatures

收稿日期: 2022-04-01

PACS:

TM85

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（51977187）、宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项（2018B10019）和浙江大学“百人计划”（自然科学A类）资助

通讯作者: 陈向荣男,1982年生,百人计划研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为先进电气材料与高压绝缘测试技术、先进电力装备与新型电力系统和高电压新技术。E-mail：chenxiangrongxh@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 洪泽林男,1998年生,博士研究生,研究方向为高性能电缆绝缘材料与高压绝缘测试技术。E-mail：hongzl@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

陈向荣, 洪泽林, 朱光宇, 孟繁博, 石逸雯. 高温下电压稳定剂对交联聚乙烯电树枝化及局部放电特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(3): 577-586. Chen Xiangrong, Hong Zelin, Zhu Guangyu, Meng Fanbo, Shi Yiwen. Effect of Voltage Stabilizer on Electrical Treeing and Partial Discharge Characteristics of Crosslinked Polyethylene at High Temperature. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(3): 577-586.

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